tue, for wliich the Church exists" (see Eohr, ut sup. ii, 2, p. 243, art. " Tzschirncr als Homiletiker").
Literature. — Krug, Tzschiriiers Deukmal, etc. (Leips. 1823); //. G. Tzschinm; etc. (2d ed. ibid. 1828) ; Gold- horn, Dr. II. G. Tzschirner, etc. (1828) ; Rolir, Krit. Pre- dlger-Bihl. I, i, 12G; Tittman,;l/e7«on(i Tzchirneii (L,\\i?.. 1829); and many others. See also \ltr7.oi<;. Reed- luicy- klop. s. v., where an extended list of Tzschirner's nu- merous works is ijiven.
u.
Ubaldini, TJogeh, archbishop of Pisa in 1276, was niited tor liis cruelty as a Ghibelline chief. Having captured Ugolino and his sons of the opposite party, he shut them up in a room and left them to die of hunger.
Ubbonites, the followers of Ubbo Phillips, who constituted a moderate class among the fanatical Ana- baptists of Germany in the IGth century, and originated about 153-1. Ubbo was born at Leeuwarden and became a Romish priest, but with his brother, Uirk Phillips, renounced the papacy as corrupt, and joined the party of the Anabaptists, in which both became leaders. The Ubbonites agreed with the Anabaptists with respect to the sacraments, the incarnation of Christ, and the free- dom of the human will, but they did not teach that Christ's kingdom is of the earth and that the ungodly should be extirpated. They held, instead, that his kingdom is spiritual and subject to persecutions, and that it must be constantly renewed by regularly called apostles. They rejected the doctrine of divorce, and regarded themselves as the true Church. They denom- inated their meetings for worship "admonitions" and their ministers "admonishers,"and they taught the ne- cessity to an effective discipline of the rigid use of ex- communication. Both Ubbo and Dirk disapproved of the fanatical outbreak at Munster, and the former ac- knowledged in a pidjlic confession that he heartily re- gretted that he had permitted himself to be deceived and that he had performed consecrations. He event- ually separated from the sect and the party he had founded and entered the communion of the Reformed Church. He died in 1568. See Je bring, Griindl. Ili- storie . , . der Taujgesinnten oder Mennoniten, etc. (Jena,- 1720) ; Bergmann, De Ubbone Philippo et Ubbonilis (Rost. 1733). — Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Ubertinus, sumamed, from the village of his birth, De CiisdlijWas a Franciscan monk of the 13th century, and liplonged to the strict party which insisted upon a rigid observance of the vow of poverty, and regarded the life and work of our Saviour as constitiuiiig a mere preparation for a higher and more perfect oera of the Holy Ghost. They also denounced the condition of the papacy and of the entire Church as being utterh' cor- rupt. Ubertinus was a pupil of Peter John Ulivi (died 1297), who stood at the head of his party. He de- fended the tenets of his party in an apology for Olivi, which is given in Wadding, Aimales Minorum, etc. (Romre, 1733; ann. 1297), xxxvi, 380 sq., and was severely assailed. Pope Clement V and many oth- ers called hira to account for his book, and Ubertinus thereupon resolved to sever his connection with his order. Pope John XXH permitted him to enter the Benedictine convent of St. Peter at (Jemblours ; but the monks refused to receive him, and it is said that he ul- timately became a Carthusian. In the meantime, pope John had again demanded an explanation of his opin- ions respecting the poverty of Jesus, etc., and Ubertinus responded that Jesus could not be said to have had possession of property in any secidar meaning of the words (see Wadding, ut sup. vi, 362 sq.). In addition to the above, Ubertiiuis wrote a sort of commentary on the Apocalypse, entitled Tractatus de Septem iStatibus Ecclesite (Venet. 1516). The time and manner of his death are unknown. See Herzog, Reul-Kncyklop. s. v.
Ubiety (Lat. ^(bi. " where") is the presence of one thing to another, or the presence of a thing in [dace. The schoolmen distinguish ubiety as
1. Circumscriptive, bj which a body is so in one place that its parts are answerable to the parts of space isi which it is and exclude every other body.
2. Dpfiuitive, as when a human spirit is limited or de- fined in its presence to the same place, like a human body.
3. Repletive, as when the Infinite Spirit is present through every portion of space.
This last is sometimes called Ubiquity (q. v.), and means the Divine Omnipresence. See Kraut h, Vvcab. of Phil. Sciences, s. v.
Ubiquitarians (from the technical term "ubiqui- ty" [q- V.]). in ecclesiastical history, a sect of Luther- ans which arose and spread itself in (iermanv, and whose distinguishing doctrine was that the body of Jesus Christ is ever^'where, or in every place. Brentius, a canon of Wittenberg, one of the earliest Reformers, is said to have first broached this error in 1560. Luther himself, in his controversy with Zwingli, had thrown out some unguarded expressions that seemed to imply a belief of the omnipresence of the body of Christ; for instance, that the man Christ could be everywhere pres- ent, not that he was always and everytvkere present. He saw, however, that this opinion was attended with great difficulties, and particularly that it ought not to be made use of as a proof of Christ's corporeal presence in the eucharist. However, after the death of Luther, this absurd hypothesis was renewed, and dressed up in a specious and ]ilausible form by Brentius, Chemnitius, and Andn-Bas, who maintained the communication of the properties of Christ's divinity to liis human nature. It is, indeed, obvious that every Lutheran who believes the doctrine of consubstantiation, whatever he may pre- tend, must be a Ubiquitarian. The doctrine again be- came a subject of controversj' early in the 17th centu- ry, between the divines of Tubingen and Giessen. the former supporting the Ubiquitarian theory, and the lat- ter earnestly opposing it. Tiie Ubiquitarians are strong opponents of the Calvinistic and Zwinglian theories of the holy eucharist, and their dogma is, in fact, a revul- sion from them. See Bergier, lHct.de Theologie, s. v. ; Cramer, Knchirid. Conti-ocers. Ubiqirlt. (1GI3) ; Dorner. Person of Christ, II, ii, 280 sq., 422; Mosheim, Eccks. //m/.Y, iii, 153sq.