V. Practical Religion and Consolation : Chapin, Dis- courses on the Lord's Prayer, Lessons of Faith and Life, Hours of Communion, The Crown of Thorns; Adams, The Universalism of the Lo?-d's Prayer; Bacon, The Pas- toj-'s Bequest (sermons) ; Ballon, Counsel and Encourage- ment (discourses on the conduct of life) ; Thomas, The Gospel Liturgy (a prayer-book for churches and fami- lies) ; Hanson, Manna (a book of daily wtirship) ; Quim- by. Heaven our House (a comfort to all who mourn ) ; Thayer, Over the River (a book of consolation for the sick, the dying, and the bereaved).
vL. History and Biography ; Ballon, A ncient History of Universalism from the Time of the Apostles to the Reformation; Whittemore, Modern History of Univer- salism from the Time of the R(forination ; Thomas, A Century of Universalism. in PJiiladi IjJiia and New York; Smith, Historical Sketches of Universalism in the State of New York; Life of Rev. John Murray, commenced by himself and completed by his wife; Stone, Biography of Rev. Elhanan Winchester; Rogera, Memoranda ; Me- moir (autobiography) of Rev. Nathaniel Stacey ; Me- moirs of Rev. Hosea Ballou, by Jlaturin M. Ballon (1 vol.), and by Whittemore (4 vols.) ; Sawyer, Memoir of Rev. Stephen R. Smith; Autobiography (f Rev. Abel C. Thomas ; Cook [T. D.J, Memoir of Rev. .lames M. Cook; Bacon [Mrs. E. A.^, Memoir of Rev. Heni-y Bacon; Ad- ams, Memoir of Rev. John Moore; (iillette and (irosh, Life of Rev. E, M. Woo ley ; Adams, Memoir of Thomas Whittemore, D.D.
vii. Periodicals : The first Universalist periodical was probably that started by Rev. Elhanan Winchester, in London, England, in 1787, entitled The Philadelphian Magazine. It was continued several years by Rev. Will- iam Vidler, and finally merged in the Monthly Reposi. tory. The first American Universalist periodical was The Free Universalist Magazine, published in New York and BaUiraore by Rev. Ahel Sarjent (1793-94). Rev. John Murray's frieiKls published in Boston two volumes of a small magazine called The Berean, com" menced in 1802. Several others followed, and from first to last a great many have been put before the public.
The periodical publications at present are the follow- ing: Weekly papers, seven, viz. The Christian Leader (successor to the Universalist Magaune, started in Bos-
ton in 1819, and the Utiea Magazine, commenced at Utica, N. Y., in 1827), published by the Universalist Publishing House, Boston, Ci. H. Emerson, D.D., editor; the Star in the West, established in 1827, published at Cincinnati, O., J. S. Cantwell, D.D., editor; tlie Gos- pel Banner, started in 183G, published at Augusta, Me., G. W. Quimby, D.U., editor; the New Covenant, com- menced in 1847, published at Chicago, HI., edited by J. W. Hanson, D.D. ; the New Religion, published at Nor- way, ]Me., Rev. J. A. Seitz editor; the Atlanta Univer- salist, at Atlanta, Ga., Rev. W. C. Bowman editor; and The Myrtle, an illustrated Sunday-school paper, issued by the Universalist Publishing House, Mrs. E.M. Bruce editor. There are two papers published once in two weeks — the Universalist Herald, at Notasulga, Ala., edited by Rev. John C. Burrus ; and the Guiding Star, an illustrated Sunday-school paper, at Cincinnati, O., Mrs. Caroline M. Soule editor. The Sunday-school Helper, devoted to Sabbath-school teaching, is published monthly by the Universalist Publishing House, edited by Rev. G. L. Demarest. Manford's Magazine, com- menced in 1857, is published monthly at Chicago, III., Rev. E. Manford and jMrs. H. B. Manford editors. The Universalist Quarterly, commenced in 1844, is issued in Januarv, April, July, and October by the Universalist Publishing House, edited by T. B. Thayer, D.D. The Universalist Register, a statistical year-book, has been issued regularly since 1836; published by the Univer- salist Publishing House, and edited by Mrs. C. L. F. Skinner. (R. E.)
Universality of Gkace, a doctrine introduced into the French Reformed theology, under the influence of John Cameron, in the early part of the 17th century, and advocated by Amyraldus (Amyraut), Placseus, and Pajon. Cameron himself taught the imputation of Christ's passive obedience alone, and advocated the hypothetic universalism of divine grace, which was more fully developed by Amyraut. "The peculiarity of Amyraldism," says Schweizer, " is in the combination of real particularism with a merely ideal universalism." See Hagenbach, Hist, of Doct. ii, 180, 275. See Atone- ment.
Universals, a term used in philosophical language, and divided into three classes, viz. :
1. Metaphysical, or " universalia ante rem," denoting those archetypal forms according to which all things were created. As existing in the divine mind, and fur- nishing the patterns of the divine working, these may be said to correspond with the ideas of Plato.
2. Physical, or '• universalia in re," by which are meant certain common natures which, one in themselves, are diffused over or shared in by many — as rationality in men.
3. Logical, or " universalia post rem," denoting gen- eral notions framed by the human intellect, and predi- cated of many things on the ground of their possessing common properties— as tree, which may be predicated of the oak, maple, birch, willow, etc.
In ancient philosojiliy the universals were called pred- icables, and were arranged in five classes, ^fnui-, species, differentia, proprium, and accidens.
In the system of Aquinas universals are thus treat- ed: 1. A parte mentis, or a parte intellect us, involve the theory that universals are mental onty — subjective. 2. A })arte rei involve the theory that universals corre- spond with objective things. See Krauth and Fleming, Vocab. of Phi), Science, s. v.