ITnxia, a surname of Juno in Roman mythology, was the goddess of anointing. The young women in Rome are said to have anointed the doors of their fut- ure dwellings with salve before entering them, in order tiiat nothing evil should enter their house. From this, Juno, the directress of marriages, received the above name.
Unzer, Johann Auoi'st, a German physician, born April 29, 1727, and died April 2, 1799, was distinguished by his works on pliysiological and psychological sub- jects, among which may be mentioned, A Neio Doctrine concernin;/ the Movements of the Soul and the Imagina- tion:— Thoughts on Sleep and Dreams: — On the Sensi- tive Faculties of Animated Bodies: — The Physiologi/ of Animated Nature: — and Physiological Researches {Yl'21 ~ 99). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Upanishad (from upa, "beneath" or "near;" ni, " in ;" and sad, " to sit") is the name of those Sanscrit works belonging to the Vedic literature which contain the mystical doctrine of the Hindus on tlie nature of a Supreme Being, its relation to the human soul, and the process of creation. The object of the Upanishads is to impress the mind with a belief in one Supreme Spirit ; to show that this Supreme Spirit is the creator of the world; that the world has no reality if thought of be- sides Brahman; and that the human soul is identical in
nature with that same Spirit whence it emanates. They are looked upon as inspired writings. See Mlillcr, Hist. of A nc. Sanscrit Lit.; Muh, Origimd Sanscrit Texts.
Upfold, Gkorgk, M.D., D.D., LL.D., a Protestant Episcopal clergyman, was born at Shemley Green, near (iulford, England, May 7, 1796. He came to America in 1802, and settled at Albany, N. Y. In 1814 he graduated at Union College, Schenectady. In 1816 he graduated in medicine in New York, and com- menced practice in Albany soon after. He soon, how- ever, entered upon the study of theology, and was or- dained minister in 1818. He was minister at Lansing- burg, N. Y., from 1818 to 1820; rector of St. Luke's, New York city, from 1820 to 1828, and a portion of this time (1821-26) assistant minister of Trinity Church ; rector of St. Thomas's Church, New York city, from 1828 to 1831; rector of Trinity Church, Pittsburgh, Pa., from 1832 to 1850; and was consecrated bishop of Indiana in 1849. He died at Indianapolis, Aug. 26, 1872.
Upham, Charles 'Went-worth, an American author and Unitarian minister, was born in St. John's, N. B., iNlay 4, 1802. He graduated at Harvard College in 1821, and at the Cambridge Divinity School in 1824, and was colleague of Dr. Prince, pastor of the First Uni- tarian Church in Salem, from 1824 to 1844. He then left the profession on account of bronchial weakness, and engaged in various pursuits. He edited the Chris- tian Register, travelled as agent of the JIassachusetts Board of Education, was member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1849, of the State Senate from 1850 to 1851, was mayor of Salem in 18.52, member of the National Congress from the Sixth District from 1854 to 1855, State senator in 1858, and representative from 1859 to 1860. He died at Salem. June 15, 1875. He wrote, Letters on the Logos (1828) : — Prophecy as an Evidence of Christianity (1835) : — Lectures on Witch- craft, comprisinq a History of the Salem Delusion of 1692 (1831; enlarged ed. 1867, 2 vols. ii\o):—Life of Sir Henry Vane (in Sparks's Amer. Biog. 1835) : — lAfe of John C. Fremont (1856): — Memoirs of Francis Pea- body (1869) -.—Life of Timothy Pickering (1867-72).
Upham, Thomas Cogswell, D.D., an Ameri- can divine and author, was born at Deerfield, N. H., Jan. 30, 1799. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1818, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1821, when he became assistant teacher of Hebrew in the seminary, and translated Jahn's Biblical Archceology. In 1823 he Ix'came associate pastor of the Congrega- tional Church in Rochester, N. H., and in 1825 professor of mental and moral philosophy in Bowdoin College, in which position he remained until 1867. He died in New York, April 2, 1872. Among his numerous works may be mentioned. Manual of Peace (1830) : — Elements of Mental Philosophy (1839, 2 vols. ; abridged ed. 1864) : — Outlines of Disordered Mental Action (1840): — Life and Religious Experience of Madame Guyon (1847): — fAfe of Faith (1848) : — Pi-inciples of the Interior or Hid- den Life (eod.) : — Philosophical and Practical Treatise on the Will (1850): — Treatise on the Divine Union (1851): — Religious Maxims (1854): — Life of Madame Catherine A dorna ( 1856 ) : — Lettets, ^Esthetic, Social, and Moral, written from Europe, Egypt, and Palestine (1857) -.-.Method of Prayer (1859):— also The Absolute Religion (published posthumously in 1872).
Upham, 'William D„ a Baptist minister, was bom at Weathersfield, Vt., Feb. 13, 1810. He developed early in life a strong love for literary pursuits, and at the age of eighteen he determined to devote himself to the study of law. With this oliject in view, he entered Brown University in the autunni of 1831. He seems to have imbibed sceptical views, and with that conceit whicli not unfrequently accompanies pride of intellect in yoiuig men in a course of study, he regarded Christianity as, on the whole, hardly worthy of his notice. While en- gaged in teaching at Dedham, Mass., the winter suc- ceeding his entrance into college, the Spirit of God ar-