14. Enjoins l)isho|)s not to give their clergy or peojile cau>e to complain against them on account of their vexa- tions.
15. Herommends them to lead an exemplary life.
l(j. Orders them to preach and instruct their people both in town and countiy.
17. Bids them be careful to make their visitations with- out burdening any one.
IS. Orders the re-establishment of schools for teaching religion, literature, and ecclesiastical chanting.
20. Orders care in the preservation of the Church orna- ments, etc., and forbids their being put to auy but their proper use.
22. Forbids bishops to exact their visitation dues when they do not make their visitations.
See Mansi, Concil. viii, 133.
IV. Was held in IKJO to examine the charge brought by the canons of Autun against Norigaudus. or Norgaud, bishop of Autun, whom they accused of having got pos- session of the see by simony, and of having squandered the property belonging to it. The pope's legates, John and Benedict, cited the bishop to appear at this council, in spite of the protest of the canons, who declared that the legates had no authority to take him beyond the province, and in spite of the opposition of the archbish- op of Lyons, who complained of the legates having taken the judgment of the case out of his hands. The question accordingly came before the council, and was discussed, but the further consideration of it was re- served for the Council of Poictiers. In the meantime the bishop was suspended from the exercise of all his functions. Hugo, abbot of Flavigny, accused likewise of simonj", was declared to be innocent. See Mausi, Concil. X, 717.
V. Was held on the Saturdaj' after the Feast of St. Andrew. The legates Peter, cardinal-bishop of Albano, and Hugo, cardinal-priest of St. Sabine, convoked this council, consisting of four archbishops and fifteen bish- ops from the provinces of Narbonne, Vienne in Dauphi- nv, Aries, and Aix. Twenty- three canons were pub- lished.
3. Forbids clerks in holy orders, cathedral canons, and other beneticed persons to exercise any secular ofHce.
(i, 7, and 8. Enjoin the puuishmeut and public deuouuce- meut of perjured persons. 9, 10, and 11. Relate to the Inquisition.
12. Gives to bishops the correction of sorcerers and persons guilty of sacrilege, ami, in the event of their re- fusing, to aiiiend, enjoins perpetual imprisonment, or whatever punishment the bisliops may deem right.
13. Enacts penalties against those who lay aside the cross, which they have assumed upon their dress as a token of having renounced their heresy, or who escape from prison, or despise the sentence of excommunication.
The live next refer to excommunications. 22 and 23. Fulminate excommunications against the emperor Frederick and all his adherents.
See Mansi, Concil. ix,G96. — Landon, Manual of Councils, p. G70 sq.
Valencia, Council of {Concilium Valentinum). Valencia is a town of Spain, capital of the province of the same name, situated on the (iuadalaviar, 190 miles E.S.E. of Madrid. An ecclesiastical council was held here in 524, under king Theodoric. Six bishops at- tended, and six canons were published.
1. Orders that, previous to the presentation of the obla- tions and the dismissal of the catechnmens. the Gospel shall be read after the Epistle, in order that the caie- chumens, penitents, and even the heathen may hear the words of Christ and the preaching of the bishop.
4. Exhorts bishops to visit their sick brethren in the episcopate, in order to assist them in settling their af- fairs, and to aiteud to their funerals. In case of a bishoi>
VALENCIA
697
VALENTIN
ciyinsr suddenly with no one oi his l)rother bishops near him,^it is oidered that tlie body shall be kept uutil a bish- op can come to celebrate his obsequies.
5. Excommunicates vagabond clerks who desert their calling'.
0. Forbids to ordain a clerk belonginf; to another dio- cese, and any person whatever who will not promise to remain in the diocese.
See Mansi, Concil. iv, 1G17. — Landon, Manual of Coiin- cilf. p. G72.
Valencia, Fray Matias de, a Spanish painter, was born at Valencia in Killti. His name was Lorenzo Chaffion. He studied at Kome, returned to Valencia, afterwards went to Granada, where, being reduced to distress, he took refuge in a convent. There are some of his cabinet pictures in the collections at Valencia, and a picture of the Last Supper in the refectory of his convent. He was drowned in 1749. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Valencia, Jacobo Perez de, an anchorite, commonly called l)ishop of Christopolitanus, was born about 1420 at Valencia, in Spain, whence he derived his name. He became a hermit of the Order of St. Augustine, and is the author of Qurestiones Quinqiie amtra Judceos de Christo Reparatore Generis fJumnni: — Erposilio Psalniorum DanJis (Leyden, 1512, 1514, 1517). In his Proleg. in f'sulmns, tract, vi, he gives an amusing account of the origin of the vowel-points: " Post conversionem Constantini Magni videntes Rabbi- nos omnes Gentiles cum tanta devotione ad tidem Christi converti per totum orbem, et ecclesiam tanto favore pro- sperari et etiatn quod intinita multitudo Judaiorum vi- dentes manifestam veritatem per experientiam et mira- cula, pariter convertebantur, et sic deticiebant quaestns et reditus et tributa Habbinorum, hac iniquitate commo- tos inagna multitudine congregatos fuisse apud Babylo- nian! Egypti, qnaj dicitur Cayre; ibique quanto majis caute potuerunt, conatos fuisse falsiticare et pervertere Scripturas a vero sensu et signiticatione. Inde confinx- isse su[ira quinipie vel septem puncta loco vocaliimi, quo- rum punctorum inventores fuisse Kavinaet Kavasse duos doctores eorum. Addit istos Rabbinos confinxisse libros Talmud." He died Aug. 1, 1491. See Jocher, Allge- meines Gelehrten - f^exikon, s. v. " Perez ;" Fiirst, Bibl. Jud.iu,HJ6; Hodv, Be Bibl torn m Texlibus Originalibus (Oxford, 1705), III, ii, 442. (B. P.)