Decorated vaults, for the most part, differ but little from those of the preceding style. The longitudinal and transverse ribs are occasionally, but not often, omitted, and the number of those on the surface of the vaulting is sometimes increased ; and in some examples ribs are
Westminstei Abbe\, on. l.ou.
VAULTING-SHAFT
f34
VECELLI
intniihiced crossing the vaults in directions opposite to tliiir curves, so as to form in some degree an a[)pear- ance of net-work upon them. The short ribs which connect the bosses and intersections of the principal rib and ridge-ribs, but which do not themselves either spring from an impost or occupy the ridge, are termed lierncs, and the vaults in which they occur licriic riitilfs.
In the I'erpendicidar style the general construction is much the same as in the Decorated, but the ribs are often more numerous, and pendants are not uncommon. Towards the latter part of this style fan - tracery vaulting was commonly introduced; tliis has no groins, but the pendentives are circular on the plan, and have the same curve in every direction, resembling inverted curvilinear conoids, and are gen- erally covered with ribs and tra- cery branching out equally all -~^ round them. The middle of the upper part of the vault, between the pendentives, is usually dom- ical in construction, and fre- quently has a pendant in the centre of each compartment.— Parker, Gloss, of A rchitect. s. v.
Vaulting - shaft, a term
proposeil by Prof. Willis for a shaft, small column, or pillar which supports the ribs of a vault. Shafts of this kind some- times rise from the floor, and sometimes from the capital of a larger pillar, or from a corbel or other projection. The most
Abbl^.'dr^is^O."''^ "«"^1 arrangement is that shown in the example here given, where the shaft rises between the springings of the arches of the nave. — Parker, Gloss, of A rchitect. s. v.
Vavasseur, Fhani^ois, a -Jesuit of France, emi- nently distinguished for his accomplishments in belles- lettres, was born in 1G05 at Paray. lie entered the So- ciety of Jesuits in 1G2I, and taught polite literature and rhetoric for seven years. In 1C45 he was called to Paris to teach Holy Scrijiture, and died there Dec. IG, 1G8I. He understood the Latin tfmguc very exactly. He wrote, Jobus, sire de Putientia. Libri I V (printed very often, last edition 1G79): — Thenrgicon, sive de Miracvlis Cliristi, Libri IV: — De Forma Cliristi Disseriatio, etc. His works were published in 1709 at Amsterdam. See Ale- gambe, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesii ; Blount, Censura Celebrium A iictorum, ; A eta Ernditorum Lati- norum; Niceron, Memoires ; Le Long, Bibliotheqve ffis- torique de France; Winer, Hundbuch der theol. Litera- iur, i, 5G2. (B. P.)
Vayer, Fi4an(,ois de la Motiie; le. See Motiie LE Vayei:.
Vayu (Sanscrit i-a, "blow"), in Ilindii mythology, a deity which originally held an equal rank with Indra, hut which much more rarely occupies the imagination of the poets than Indra or Agni. See Muir, Coiifribu- iioiis to a Kno!rled'/e of the Vedic Theoqony and Mi/thol- ogy, in the Jouiiial of the Royal Asiatic ISociety, l^G-i.
Ve, in Norse mythology, was a brother of Vile and Odin, which three together created the first parents. Ask and Embla.
Veal, Edward, A.IM., an English Dissenting minis- ter and tutor, was born in 1G31. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford; went to Dublin and became senior fellow of Trinity College; returned to England for ordination ; went again to Ireland and preached there for several years ; but was afterwards stripped of liis fel- lowship and returned to England. On the passage of the Uniformity Act he gathered a congregation of Dis-
senters at Wapping, and continued to preach to them until advanced age compelled him to resign. He was for a time professor of a Dissenting academy, and train- ed up several excellent ministers. He died in 1708. See Bogue and Bennett, History of Dissenters, i, .33C.
Veasey, Thomas, B.l)., a clergyman of the Church of England, was born in 17o;5. No record remains of his early lil'e. He was some time tutor, and for upwards of sixty years fellow, of St. Peter's College, Caiubridge. At the time of his death, May 2"2, 1839, he was the ohiest resident member of the university, and had proceeded to the degree of A.B. in 1778; A.M. in 1781; and B.D. in 1794. See Christian Remembrancer, 1839, p. 376.
Vecchi, Giovanni de', an Italian painter, was horn at Borgo San Sepolcro in 1,")36. He studied at Pome under IJaffaellino della Colic, and afterwards with Tad- dco Zuccaro, who was at that time engaged in embel- lishing the palace of the cardinal Alessandro Farnese at Caprarola. Here he was rather the competitor than the pupil of Zuccaro, and executed several important works. His best productions are in the palace at Ca- prarola, in the Church of San Lorenzo in Damaso, and in the Church of Santa Maria d'Ara Coeli. Among the lat- ter are the Four Doctors of the Church, and several his- tories of St. Jerome. He also frescoed the cupola of the Chiesa del Gesii. He died at Rome in 1614. See Spoo- ner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Arts, s. v.
Vecchia, Piepko, a Venetian painter, was born in 1605. He was educated in the school of Alessandro Varotari (q. v.), but did not follow the stylo of that master. He studied to imitate the works of (iiorgione and Pordenone, and acquired such skill in this direction that his paintings have been mistaken for the produc- tions of those masters, even by competent critics. He also imitated Titian and other masters with great accu- racy, on account of which he was often employed in re- storing old paintings. He copied in oil several of the historical mosaics in the Church of St. Mark, Venice, and painted, among others, two altar-pieces from his own designs in the same edifice. The Crucifixion and Chi'ist Dririnf/ the Money-chaiif/ei'sf-om the Temple. He died ill 1G78. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v. Vecchietta, Lokenzo di Pietro {da Siena), an Italian painter and sculptor, was born at Sienna in 1424. His pictures are characterized by hardness of style, and but few of them remain. He probably studied sculpt- ure under Donatcllo, and gained great distinction in this department. He obtained the commission to exe- cute the bronze tabernacle of the grand altar in the Cathedral of Sienna, with the marble ornaments. The beauty of this work gained for liim commissions for vari- ous works in sculpture in the buildings of Sienna, ^among which are two statues of St. Peter and St. Paul, in the Loggia del Banco, delicately executed: — a statue of Christ, in the hospital of the Scala : — and several works in bronze for the baptistery of San Giovanni. He died in 1482. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine Aiis, s. v. VeceHi (or Vecellio), Francesco, an Italian painter, brother of Titian, was born at Cadorc, in the Friuli, in 14.s;>. He was instructed by his brother, and showed such talents as to excite the jealousy of Titian, who is said to have persuaded him to engage in other pursuits. He then entered the army and led a military life until the restoration of peace in Italy, when he re- turned to Venice and resumed painting. He now exe- cuted some altar-pieces and portraits in the style of Ti- tian, possessing so much merit as to excite the alarm of the master, who induced him to devote his attention to thedecorationof cabinets with small paintings, for which there was a great demand at that time. In 1531 he re- linquished painting entirely, and gave his attention to merchandising. The duplicity and illiberality of Titian towards his brother Francesco are denied by many, on the ground that they are incredible. Moreover, it is claimed that Francesco was an "erratic and wayward genius" who became dissatisfied with an occupation that