Vitry, I^DOUARD i>e, a learned French pliilologer and numismatist, was born about 1670. He entered the Order of St. Ignatius, studied at Paris, and was engaged
VITRY
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VIVES
all bis life in antiquarian pursuits. He died about 1730, For his productions, see Biographie Unicerselle, s. V.
Vitry, Machsor of p^a'^'l "iim^), is the title of a ritual of the Sj-nagogue of Vitry, in France, compiled about 1100 by K. Simcha of Vitry, a disciple of Kashi, and obtained its name from the place in which the compiler lived. It not only comprises the whole cycle of the daily and festival services, but various legal and ritual laws from ancient documents. This Machsor, which is of the greatest rarity, has been de- scribed by Luzzatto in the Hebrew essays and reviews entitled Kerem Chenied (Prague, 1838), iii, 200. An ac- count of a MS. of this Machsor (British INIuseum Add. 27,200, 27,201) has also been given by Dr. W. Wright, in the Journ. of Sac. Lit. July, 18tJG, p. 356 sq. See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 483 ; De' Rossi, Dizionario Storico (Germ. transL), p. 330 sq. (B. P.)
Vittoria, Alessandro, a distinguished Italian sculptor and architect, was born at Trento in 1525. He studied at Venice under Sansovino, and afterwards worked for several years in the Venetian states. In statuary and modelling he is said to have been sec- ond only to Michael Angelo. In Venice, among other works, he executed the statues and ornaments on tlie staircase of the Library of St. Mark, in the Ducal Palace, the Council Hall, and various churches. As an archi- tect, he completed the Church of San Giuliano at Venice, the Chapel of San Fantino, and other works of Sansovino ; also the chapel and altar of the Kosario in SS. Giovanni e Paolo; the monument of Priuli, in the Church of San Salvatore ; the Oratory of San Girolamo ; and the Pa- lazzo Balbi, near the Grand Canal. He died in 1G08. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Vitula, in Koman mythology, was the goddess of joy and merriment generally at the celebration of vic- tories.
Vitumnus {the dispenser of life), in Roman my- thology, was said to give life to the newly born.
Vituriarii is a name applied to certain idolatrous officers among the ancient Romans who were votaries of Apollo Didumajus; hence often called Didumarii. See Bingham, Christ. Antiq. bk. xvi, ch. v.
Vitus, St., one of the fourteen so-called helpers in need of tlie Romish Church, is stated to have been a native of Sicily, and of heathen parentage. He lived un- der Diocletian, and fled from persecution to Lower Italy and to Rome, where he wrought marvellous cures, but was condemned to die because of his unbending fidelity to Christianity. As fire would not burn him and lions would not tear him, it became necessary to torture him to death. His body was taken to France, first to Saint- Denis and afterwards to Corvey. Portions of his relics are preserved at Prague, Salzburg, and elsewhere. A second martyr of this name is mentioned, whose body was brought from Pavia to Prague. See Herzog, Real- EncyUop. s. v.
Vitus, Domenico, an Italian engraver, is said to have been born about 1536, and to have become an in- mate of the ^Monastery of Vallombrosa, in the Apennines. His prints possess considerable merit, among which may be named St. Bartholomeiu (1576): — St, Joachim Hold- ing a Censer, after A. del Sarto: — and a set of small plates representing the Passion of our Saviour, See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Vitus, Stephanus, a Reformed theologian of Ger- many, was born at Schaffhausen, Feb. 3, 1687. As for his knowledge, he was a self-made man, and, before he left his country for attending the lectures at foreign academies, he passed, in 1710, an examination pro mi- nisterio with such an excellency that the city awarded to him a present of two hundred thalers. In the same year he went to Heidelberg; was appointed in 1711 co-rector at the Reformed gymnasium in Halle ; in 1713,
rector at Cassel ; in 1719, professor of theology and eth- ics in the Collegium Carolinum there; and died May 2, 1736. He was a fierce opponent of the Lutherans, and wrote, Apologia, in qua Sgnodus I )ordracenn et Refor- mat a Fides Vindicatur : — Viitdicim quibus ea quce in Apologia Synodi Dordracence dicta sunt Vindicantur : — Schediasma quo A uguslini, Lntheri Suprulapsarioi-um- que Sententia a Manichceismi Calumnia Vindicatur, See Jocher, A llgemeines Gelehrten- Lexikon, s, v. (B. P.)
Vivaldus, a Dominican and prelate, was born in Piedmont in the latter part of the 15th century. He was chosen bishop of Dalmatia in 1519. He wrote sev- eral tracts on experimental religion, which were pub- lished at Lyons in 1558. See Mosheim, Hist, of the Church, bk. iii, cent, xv, pt. ii, ch. ii.
Vives, Juan Ludovico, a learned and liberal- minded humanist of tlie 16th century, was born in March, 1492, at Valencia, in Spain, and educated at Paris and Louvain. He made himself acquainted with the ancient classics, and thereby came to understand the barrenness and tastelessnessof the scholastic studies of his time so thoroughly that he became their open adversary, and assailed them in public lectures and in repeated publications, chief among the latter being his Liber in Pseudo - Dialecticos. His zeal in this work gained for him the friendship of Thomas More, Bud- deus, Erasmus, and other scholars of similar tenilency. The publication of an edition of Augustine's De Civitute Dei, dedicated to Henry VHI of England, led cardinal Wolsey to invite Vives to England; and as his inde- pendent notes appended to the work had involved him in disputes with the doctors of Louvain, he was glad to accept. His reception was magnificent. Oxford gave him a theological doctorate, and the king discussed sci- entific matters with him and appointed him the tutor in Latin and Greek of the princess Mary (the Catholic). The royal favor was, however, forfeited by Vives when he refused to sanction Henry's separation from his queen, Catharine of Aragon. He was thrown into prison and kept there more than six months. On his release, he fled to Bruges, in Flanders, and from thence addressed a letter to the king, in which he admonished liim against the intended divorce, and pointed out the hurtful consequences to State and Church to which such a measure would lead (comp. Ejnst. ad Hen. VIII, Angl. Regeni, in Op2>. Omnia, vol. vii).