The following years were spent by Vives at Bruges in undisturbed quietness engaged in literary occupa- tions. The ripest fruit of liis mind is the work De Dis- ciplinis Lib. XX (Antwerp, 1551), a cyclopedic presenta- tion of the sciences, which is characterized by a wide reading, frequent exercise of penetrating and sound judgment, and a wealth of thought, though the nar- rowness of his times is apparent and the language is often dry and hard. Of equal value is the last work upon which he was engaged, the De Veritate Fidei Chrisliame, in five books. His wife published this book, which contains many things not to be freely spoken in the Romish Church of later times, and which have oc- casioneil the suppression of various paragraphs by later editors (comp, Henke, Allgem. Gesch. d, christl. Kirche, 4th ed. 1806, iii, 256). His independent spirit ex- posed him in life as well to tlie suspicion of being favor- ably disposed towards the Protestant doctrines. He died suddenly, May 6, 1540. His complete works were published in two folio volumes at Basle in 1555. The best and most complete edition is that of archbishop Francis Fabian and Fuero, under the title, Jo. Ludov. Vires Vnlentini Opera Omnia , , . a Gregorio Afajansio (Valencia, 1782 sq. 8 vols. 4to). His published let- tors furnish important contributions to his l)iography. See, in addition, Antonius, Biblioth. Ilisp, (Rome, 1672), i, 553 sq. ; Dupin, Biblioth. xiv, 99 ; Teissier, Eloges, i, 266; Niceron, xxiii, 12 sq. ; Morhof, Polyhistor. passim.; Jocher, Allgem. Gelehrten-Lexikon, iv, 1661 sq. ; Tenne- niann, Gesch. d. Philosojyhie, ix, 42 sq. ; Ritter, Gesch, d.
VIVIAN
808
VOETIUS
christl. Philosophie, v, 438 sq. ; Wachler, Gesch. d. LUe- ratur, iv, 3 ; Schriickh, Christl. Kirc/ioir/esch. seit d, Re- funnalion, \, 47 S(i. ; Herzog, Recd-Knci/klop. s. v.
Vivian, H., an English Congregational missionary, was born at I'enryn, Cornwall, in 1832. He was edu- cated for the missionary work, and accented by the London INIissionary Society ; and embarked for the South Seas, March, 1862. Much of his time was em- ployed in preparing native students for the ministry, in which work he was eminently successful. His early death (April 11, 1874) was much lamented by the society of which he was an able representative, and by the na- tives, among whom he did a noble work. See (Lond.) Cong, Year-booL; 1875, p. 371.
Vivian, James C, a Church of England divine. No record remains of his birth, education, conversion, or entrance into the ministry. In 18G2 he sailed to the Sandwich Islands, and there labored for twelve years. He died April 11, 1874. Mr. Vivian was a fiiithful. ear- nest, loving preacher and pastor. See Evunfjdicul Mag- azine, August, 1874. p. 499.
Vivian, Thomas,' a clergyman of the Church of England, was born near Truro, and educated there at the Grammar-school, and at Exeter College, Oxford, where he graduated June 19, 1742. He was ordained in 1744 to the curacy of St. Michael's, Penkevil, in Corn- wall; and in 1747 was collated vicar of Cornwood, near Plymouth, and also licensed as public preacher through- out the diocese. He died in April, 1793. Mr. Vivian published a sermon of great note on the text '• I have set watchmen ;" also Three Dialogues between a Minister and One of his own Parishioners: — Exposition of the. Cate- chism of the Church of England by Question and A nsiver : — The Book of Revelation, expounded in a historical view: — and Cosmology, an inquiry into the cause of gravitation. See Christian Observer, March, 1877, p. 235 ; Allibonc, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v.
Vivier, G. du, a Dutch engraver, flourished about 16GG. Little is known of him except by his prints, among which are the following: Christ in the Sepul- chre : — The Four Evangelists, in one piece : — The Temp- tation of St. Anthony : — and Thetis and Chiron. See Dumesnil, Le Peintre-Graveur, vol. iii ; Spooner, Biog. J/ist. of the Fine Arts, s. v.
Viweg, CiiKisriAN, a German professor of Oriental languages of the 17th century, is the author of Hodo- geta Didacticus Ilebr., Nova Meihodo Universa hujus Lingua Fiindamenta una cum Praxi decern Horarum Spatlo felicissime A bsolvens (Jena, 1G85) : — f/odogeta Di- dacticus LingucB Hebraicce Major (Zeitz, 1688) •.—Ilodo- geta Didacticus TAng. Ilebr., Ostendens modum hanc Ling. Sanctani Discendi Methodo Facili intra duas Septinumas (Erfurt, 1706): — Phosphorus Veteris Testamenti sive Syn- taxis Hebraica (Zeitz, 1690). See Fiirst, Bibl. Hehr. iii, 484; Steinschneider, Bibliogr. I/andbuch, s. v.; Wolf, Bibl. Ilebr. ii, 6 1 9 ; i v, 305. ( D. P.)
Vlerick, Pktkr, a Flemish painter, was born at Courtray in 1539. He was first instructed by William Snellaert, and afterwards by Charles d'Ypres. But the capricious disposition of the latter caused him to quit his studio in two j'ears. He then travelled through France, supporting liimself with his pencil, and, after a short residence in Paris, he proceeded to Italy. He re- mained at Venice four years, during which he secured the friendship and instruction of Tintoretto, and then went to Potne to stiuly the antique and the works of the great masters. He also visited Naples and Puleoli. In 1568 he returned to Flanders, where he spent the re- mainder of his life. Among his many excellent works are the Brazen Serpent:— .Judith with the Ileadof llolo- fernes : — the Four Evangelists: — and the Crucifixion. He was skilled in perspective and architecture, with which he enriched his backgrounds. He died in 1581. See Spooner, ///('.(y. Hist, of the Fine Arts, s. v.