iibersetzt und mit Anmerkungen, etc. (Hanover, 1788) :
Primce. Linece Grammatics Hebrcece, etc. (Lips. 1788): — Jeremias au/'s Neue iibersetzt, etc. (Zelle, 1795). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 293, 555, 599. 607 ; Fiirst, Bibl. ,hid. iii, 486 ; Steinschneider, Bibliog. Handbuch, p. 144. (B. P.)
Volney, Coxstastin Francois CiFASSEBfEUF, Count of, a French author and atheist, was born at Craon, in Anjou, Feb. 3, 1757. He was educated at the colleges of Ancenis and Angers, and studied medicine for a time, but gave up the idea of professional life. After spending several years in Egypt and Syria, he
was appointed director-general of agriculture and com- merce in Corsica. In 1789 he was elected to the States- General, and in 1793 was imprisoned by Robespierre as a royalist, gaining his liberty only on the overthrow of that otlicer, Julj' 27, 1794. Soon after this he was ap- pointed professor of history in the newly established Normal School. Upon the suppression of the Normal School in 1795, he proceeded to the United States, where he remained until 1798. On his return to France, he was elected to a seat in the Senate, and subsequently received the titles of count and commandant of the Le- gion of Honor. He was one of the senators who voted in favor of the decree for the deposition of Napoleon Bonaparte, passed April 2, 1814; and on June 4 follow- ing was raised to the peerage by Louis XVIH. He died April 25, 1820. His principal works are. Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie (1787, 2 vols.) : — f^es Ruines, ou Meditations sur les Revolutions des Eminres (1791), a work which has often been reprinted and translated, and contains his first avowal of those intidel views for which he afterwards became so noted : — La f^oi Natn- relle, ou Catechisme du Citoyen Franfuis (1793) : — His- toire de Samuel, Inventeur du Sucre des Rois (1819): — and Recherches Nouvelles sur FHistoire Ancienne (1814). In 1826 his complete works appeared in eight volumes.
Volo, the Latin term for / ivill, an ancient response in the services for Christian baptism and marriage.
Voloer (or VoloTver), a term sometimes applied to the priest who administered baptism.
Volo'wing, a term applied to the ordinance of baptism, derived from the response " volo," / will, used in that ceremony.
Volpato, Giovanni, a distinguished Italian de- signer and engraver, was born at Bassano in 1738. He first practiced tapestry embroidery, having learned it from his mother; at the same time, however, he occa- sionalU' practiced engraving without any regular instruc- tion, and the success of his efforts in this line induced him to adopt engraving as a profession. He settled at Venice and entered the school of Bartolozzi , afterwards went to Rome, and was employed by a society of dilet- tanti, who undertook to re-engrave all the works of Ra- phael in the Vatican. Volpato engraved on a large scale seven of the great works of Raphael in the stanza of the Vatican. They were published both in colors and plain, and form a splendid and valuable set of en- gravings. He was employed by Gavin Hamilton upon his Schola Italica Picturce, and published many prints after the celebrated Italian masters, among which are the Farnese Gallery, after Annibale Caracci : — two Projjhefs and two Sibyls, after Michael Angelo. He died at Rome in 1803. Among the very many works of his hand we mention only the following: Christ Praying on the Mount, after Correggio : — Mary Mag- dalene at the Feet of Christ, after Paul Veronese : — the Marriage ofCana, after Tintoretto : — and St. Peter I>e- livered from Prison, after Raphael. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A lis, s. v.
Volpi, Stefano, an Italian painter, flourished at Sienna in the first part of the 17th century. He is sup- posed to have been a disciple of Cristofano Casolani, as he executed some frescos from the designs of Caso- lani for the churches of Sienna. See Spooner, Biog, Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Volscens, in ancient Italian mythology', was a commander in the army of Turnus. He fought against ^Eneas and killed Euryahis, and was slain by Nisus.
Voltaire, FnAxgois Marif; Arouet de, a noted French author and infidel, was born at Chatenay, near Scoaiix, Feb. 20, 1694. He was educated at the Jesuit college of Louis-le-Grand. In 1712 he accompanied the marquis de Chateaimeuf to Holland, but the exposure of his scandalous relations with a woman there occa- sioned his recall to Paris. Soon after this he was im-
VOLTAIRE
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