Walch was rather an industrious comjnler than a cre- ative genius. His importance lies in the department of Church history; his theology being deficient in or- thodox life, but pervaded by the historical spirit. His
WALCH
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WALD
earliest work, written at the age of twenty-seven, was a J/istori/ of the Ltit/icrdii Rdiijimi, intended to prove the correctncos of that faith, and also to demonstrate that the existence a\id lurfectioiis of (rod may be seen in liistory as well as in physics and other lields of study. He displayed a constant disposition to make thorough and critical examination of all available sources; but in all his works evinced an niter inability to attain to that l)hilosophical comprehension of bis tbeme by which be could combine his materials into a homogeneous wluile. In perspicuity and taste he was not the eipial of Mos- heim, anil in power to excite an<l stimulate he was very much inferior to Semler. His chief merit lay in ex- hanstless patience and great conscientiousness, as dis- ])laveil in the examination of sources and helps. Many of his works are consequently still indispensable as aids in their special tields.
Walch's most imjiortant works are, An/iqtntafes ralii Philos. Vet. Christ. (Jena, 174G) :—//<«/. Patriarch. Jud. (^\lb\): — \Vahrhafte Gesch. d. Catk. v. Bora (Halle, 1751-54, 2 vols. ) : — GewA. d. er.-luth. Rel. etc. (.Jena, 1753): — Hist. Adoptianorum (1755, given in revised form in vol. ix of the Ketzergesch.): — Gedankm v. d. Gesch. d. Glaubenslehre (1750; 2d ed. 176-1) •.—Entwurf eiiier vollst. hist. d. rum. Pdpste (Giitt. 175G; 2d ed. 1758) : — Entw. einer vollst. Hist. d. Kirchenversammlun- (jen (Leips. 1759): — Hist. Protopaschiturum (]7(;0): — Grundsdtze d. nutiirl. Gottesr/elahrtheit (17G0, etc.): — Grtindsatze d. Kirchenhist. d. Xeiien Testurnents (1701 ; in a 3d enlarged ed. by Schulz, 1792): — Entwurf einer vollst. Hist. d. Ketzercien, Spaltwi'jen ii. Reli(jionsstreiti(j- keiten, etc. (Leips. 1762 sq., 11 pts., the concluding part, reaching down to the 9th cent., by Spittler), his princi- pal work : — Breviar. Symbol. Eccl. Luth. ( (icitt. 1765, etc.): — Biblioth. Symbol. Vetiis (Lemgo, 1770): — Ki'i- tische Unters. v. Gebrauch. d. heil. Schrif't . . . in den ersten drei Juhrh. (Leips. 1779). Complete lists of Walch's works are given in Piitter, Vers, einer akadem. Gelehr- tengesch. v. d. . . . Universitat zu Gottin/jen, i, 121 sq. : ii, 28 sq. ; ^leusel. Lex. verstorhener deutsch. Sckriftsteller, xiv, 345 sq. ; Diiring, Theolngen Deutschlands im. 18. u. 19. Juhrh. iv, 615 sq. For biographical notices of Walch, see Ileumann and Less, Memorial of the Gott. Faculty in Honor of C. W. F. Walch (G5tt, 1784); Heyne, Eulog. Ven. Walchii (1784, foL): Winckler, Nachr. v. niedersdchsischen Leriten, ii, 101. For a char- acterization, see Baur, Epochen d. kirchl. Geschickts- schreibiuKj (Tub. 1852), p. 145 sq. See Herzog, Reul- Encykloj). s. v.
Walch, Johann Ernst Immanuel, brother of Christian, and the tirst-born son of Johann Gcorg (q.v.), was born in 1725. In 1750 he became professor of phi- losophy, and later of oratorj' and poetrj'. He was a man of wide philological and antiijuarian learning, and also versed in physics. He published, PJiss. in Acta Apostol. (1756 sq.) in which his archajological knowl- edge was applied to the exposition of the New Test. After his death appeared Observatt. in Matt, ex Grcec. Insert])!!. (Jena, 1779): — An!iq. Symbol, qiiibus Symbol. Apost. I/ist. Illustr. (ibid. 1772),: — Prorjr. de Peccato in Spir. Sanct. (ibid. 1751-60) : — Marmor //isp. A ntiq. Vex. Christ. Xeron. insirpie Docum. (ibid. 1750, 4to): — and Persecut. Christ Xeron. in Hisp. etc. (ibid. 1753) : — Chris- iian.sub Diocletiano in Hisp. Persecut. etc. (1751). See Doring, Theologen Deutschlands im. 18. ?/. 19. Juhrhun- dtrt, iv, 615 sq. ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Walch, Johann Georg, a Jena theologian, the father of Johann Krnst Immanuel and Christian Wil- liclm Franz Walch (ti. v. ), was born in 1693. He entered the University of Leipsic in 1710, and became master in 1713. His earliest literary endeavors were philological. He edited the academical discourses of Cellarius, and a series of ancient Latin authors, includ- ing Ovid and Lactantius. In 1716 he wrote the valued Historia Cri/ica Lat. lAiupicp.. In the same year he es- tablished himself at Jena, where he became professor of
oratory in 1719, and afterwards of poetry also, and where he was associated with Biiddeus, who bestowed on him his only daiighier in marriage. In 1723 he entered the arena of philosophical djucussion with his Gedanken voni philosophischen Xaturell; and again, in 1724 and 1725, with rejoinders to Wolf's review of Buddeus's Brdeiiken lib. d. IVolf'sche Philosophie. In 1726 he published a Philosophisches Lvxikun, -which attained a fourth edition in 1775; and in 1727 an Einl.iu d. Philosop/iie, and Ob- servatt. in Xov. Test. Libros. quarum I Pars ea Cnuti- net Loca qU(P. ex Hist. Philos. Illustr. He united with Biiddeus in holding fast to the old Lutheran orthodoxy, though his reception of natural theology had destroyed the old theoretical basis of that orthodoxy; and, at the same time, his views had received an infusion of I'ietism, which prevented him from sustaining a hostile attitude towards that movement. In 1724 he was made theo- logical professor extraordinary, doctor of theology in 1726, professor in ordinary in 1728, and prtfcssor pri- marius in 1750. F'our years later he attained the rank of ecclesiastical councillor to the court of Saxe-Weimar. He wrote a number of compends for use in his lecture- rooms, which are distinguished by a comprehensive sur- vey of the literature bearing upon his subjects; e. g. an introduction in Christian ethics; and others into systematic theology, polemical theology, and the theo- logical sciences (the latter, 1737, 4to; 2d ed. much en- larged, 1753, 8vo). The history of theological literature is his debtor for valuable service, beginning with the publication of Bosii Introd. in Xotit. Scrij^torum Eccl. (Jena, 1733). Hia Biblioth. Theol. Solecta Litterar.Ad- } of. (ibid. 1757-65, 4 vols.) is still valuable, as is also the Biblioth. Patrist. Litter. Annot. Instr. (ibid. 1770; revised by Danz, 1834). The publication of Lutlier's complete works (1740-52,24 vols.), and of the Book of Christian Concord (1750, Gerni. and Lat. with historical notes), to which he added an Introd. in Libr. Symb. Eccl. Luther. (1752, 4to), is also worthy of note. The re- maining more important works of Walch are two intro- ductions to polemical theology, Theol. Einl. in d. ror- nehmsten Religionsstreitigkeiten, etc. (1724), intended to supplement the oral lectures of Buddeus, and Hist. u. theol. Einl. in d. Religionsstreitigkeiten welche sonderlich ausser d. ev.-lut/i. Kirche entstanden (1733-36, 5 vols.). An Einleitung to the religious controversies within the pale of the Lutheran Church (1730-39, 5 vols.) formed the complement to the last-named work. Other works deserving of mention are his Miscell. Sacra s. Comm. ad Hist. Eccl. Sanctioresque Discipl. Pert. (Amst. 1744) : — his comprehensive Hist. Eccl. N. T. Variis Observatt. III. (1744) to the end of the 4th century : — and his Hiit. Controverss. Grwc, et Lat. de Process. Spirit, Sancii (Jena, 1751). Walch was a preacher as well as a schol- ar, and his interest in preaching is attested b\' a Samm- bnig kk-iner Schriften v. d.gottgefdUigen A rt zu predigen (1746). Despite his growing decrepitude, he was able to complete his Biblioth. Patr. He died in 1775. See Walch [C. W. F. ], Leben u. Karakter von Dr. J. G. Walch (Jena, 1777, 4to) ; Meusel, Lexikon verstorbener deutscher Schriftsteller, xiv, 360; Doring, Theologen Deutschlands im 18. u. 19. Jahrhundei-t, iv, 615. — Her- zog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.