Wald, Samuel Gottlieb, a Protestant theolo- gian of (lermany, was born at Brcslau, Oct. 17, 1762. He studied at Halle and Leipsic. In the latter place he received the degree of master on presenting a disser- tation Curarumin Ilistoriam Textus Vaticinorum Dani- elis Specimen Primum, and was thus entitled to lecture publicly. Being a pupil of Semler, Wald followed his master in the grammatico-historical interpretation of the Scriptures, hi 178G he was called as [irofessor of (ireek to Kiinigsberg, and in 1793 the L'uiversity of Erlangen made him doctor of theologj' on presenting a dissertation De Vita, Scriptis et Systemate Mystico Se- bastiani Franci. F'or more than twenty years, Wald labored as teacher and preacher in Konigsberg, and ilied Feb. 22, 1828. He published, Progr. Spicilegiian
WALD
855
WALDEXSES
Vai-iai-um Lediomun Codd. IV Veteris Testamenti Hehr. Vratislariensium (Lips. 1784): — M, A. Flaiiunii in Li- hriim Psulmoruin Brevis Explanaiio , . . Curavit et Prmfatus est ( Hate, 1785 ) : — Pro(ir. Controversio de Bonorum Operum Necessitate inter Musculuni et Prceto- rium Agitata (Lips. 1786) : — Theulur/Ur; Syinboliae Ln- therunce Descriptio (Halre, eod.) : — De Vitiiperio Neolo- gnrum (Regiom. 1787) : — Diss, de Vera Vi Vocabulorum J' ijuoc et TTiffTig in Epistola Pauli ad Romanos (ibid. 1788), etc. See Diiriiig, Die gelehrten Tkeologen Deittsch- litiids, iv, (J47 sq. ; Fiir.st, Btbl. Jiid. iii, 491. (B. P.)
Wald, Wilhelni, a Protestant theologian of Ger- many, was born March 8, 1795, at Konigsberg, wliere he also died, Nov. 6, 1879, as superintendent and doctor of theology. In 1826 he was appointed pastor of the Haberberger Church in his native place, where he labored for rtfty-two years. His literary productions are some Sermons, which were printed by request. See iVene evangel. Kirchenzeitung, 1879, p. 739 sq. (B. P.)
"Waldau, Georg EiiXST, a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born March 25, 1745, at Nuremberg. He studied from 1763 to 1767 at Alttlorf and Leipsic. After completing his studies, he returned to his native place, where he was appointed vicar of St. Clara's. In 1789 he was made professor of Church history, and oc- cupied that position until his death, April 27, 1817. He wrote, Dissertdtio Exegetica ad Apnc. iii, 7 (Lips. 1767) . Usus i^ersionis A lexandrinm in Interpretatione Noci Testamenti (Altdorf, 1770): — besides, he published ser- mons, ascetical works, etc. See Doring, Die gelehrten Theologen Deutschlands, iv, 650 stj. ; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. ( Index in vol. ii ) ; Koch, Gesch. des deittscken Kirchenliedes, vi, 224 sq. (B. P.)
"Waldegrave, Samuel, an Anglican prelate, son of the eighth earl of Waldegrave, was born in 1817. He received a careful religions training; graduated at Ba- liol College, Oxford, in 1839, taking double tirst'^class honors; and was admitted into holy orders in 1842 at Oxford, and ordained to the curacy of St. Ebbe's in that city. In 1849 he was elected fellow of All-Souls', and ill 1853 was appointed Bampton lecturer. In 1857 he was appointed canon of Salisbury Cathedral, and in 1860 was called to preside over the diocese of Carlisle, which office he held until his death, Oct. 1, 1869. Bish- op Waldegrave was humble and devoted, an excellent pastor, and an indefatigable worker. He published, among other works, The Way of Peace, or Teaching of Scripture concerning Justification (Lond. 1848), in four sermons at Oxford : — Neto Testament AfiUenarianism (1866) :— and Words of Eternal Life (1864), eighteen sermons.
Walden, Charles, proceeded asaWesIeyan iMeth- odist missionary to Western Africa in December, 1840. It was only for a brief season that the infant Church at Cape Coast enjoyed the atlvantage of his earnest minis- try of the Word, his, pastoral affection, and his pious example. He died July 29, 1841. See Wesleyan Con- ference Minutes, 1842.
Waldenses, The, known also in ecclesiastical his- tory as Vuldenses, and sometimes as Vaudois. Two theories have been broached to account for the origin of the name — the one that it is derived from Peter Waldo, the Lyonnese reformer; and the other that it is derived from " vallis," a valley, the Valdenses or Wal- denses being inhabitants of the valleys of Piedmont. Waddington, in his History of the Church, has given the authorities for both these theories.
I. Doctrines. — The doctrinal views of the AValdenses agree essentially with those of the Reformers of the 16th century. W.Carlos Martyn, in his History of the Huguenots, thus states their doctrinal tenets :
1. The Waldenses, or Vaudois, hold the Holy Script- ures to be the sources of faith and religion, without re- gard to the authority of the fathers or to tradiiion ; and though they principally use the New Test., yet, as Usher proves from Keinier and others, thej' regard the
Old also as canonical Scripture. From their greater use t)f the New Test., their adversaries charged them, however, with despising the Old Test.
2. They hold the entire faith according to all the ar- ticles of the Apostles' Creed.
3. They reject all the external rites of the domi- nant Church excepting baptism and the sacrament of the Lord's supper; as, lor instance, temples, vestments, images, crosses, pilgrimages, tlie religious worship of the holy relics, and the rest of the Roman sacraments; tliese they consider as inventions of Satan and of the flesh, full of superstition.
4. Thej' reject the papal doctrine of purgatory, with masses or prayers for the dead, acknowledging only two terminations of the earthly state — heaven and hell.