WALDENSIS
857
WALENBURG
An Inquiry info the History and Theology of the Ancient Vallenses and A Ibiyenses ( Loud. 1838, 8vn ) ; Gilly, Waldensian Researches, beinf/ a Second \'isit to the Vaudois oj' Piedmont (ibid. 1831, 8vo) ; Lowther, Brief Observations on the Present State of the Waldenses (ibid. 1821, 8vo); Martin, Histoire des Vaudois des Vallees du Pieinont et de leurs Colonies, depiiis leiir Oriyine jusqu''a nos Jours (Paris, 183-i, Svo) ; G(il], Vei-kehr der bohmischen Br'uder mit den Waldensern (Prague, 1877). (J. C. 8.)
Waldensis, Thomas, D.D., a learned English Car- melite, was burn at Walden, in Essex, about 1367. His father's name was John Xetter, but he cliose to be called from the place of his nativity. He became the cham- pion of the Church against the Reformers of the reign of Henry IV; and in that of Henry V, whose favorite he was, he rose to be provincial of his order and a privy- councillor. Henry V died in his arms; and he himself died while attending the j'outhful monarch, Henry VI, in France, in 1430.
"V7"aldhausen, Koxrad von, an Augustinian monk of the 14th century, who ranks as one of the precursors of John Huss (q. v.). He was a native of Austria, and labored from 1345 to 13(50 in Vienna as a preacher. His fame and influence as a powerful preacher of repentance led to his being called to Leitmeritz, in Boliemia, by the emperor Cliarles IV, acting in his capacity as king of that country. He soon afterwards began to hold ser- vices in the Church of St. Gall at Prague, and subse- quentlj' in the public market-place of the city. His efforts were directed towards a moral and religious im- provement of the people, but diil not assail either the doctrines or the fundamental rules of discipline of the Church. But as his influence increased, and multitudes thronged to his meetings to listen to his bold denuncia- tions of all forms of sin, some opposition began to mani- fest itself; and when he attacked the orders of mendi- cant friars and uncovered the hypocrisy anil depraved character of the monks, he drew down upon himself the vengeance of those powerful enemies. Twenty-nine charges were laid against him before the archbishop of Prague, by Dominican and Franciscan monks, in 1364; but no complainant appeared at the trial consequently ordered, and W'aldhausen succeeded in establishing a satisfactory defence. Effort was made in the same year, by the archbishop of Austria, to recall Waldhausen to Vienna, but ineffectually. He died in Prague in 1369. See Palacky, Gesch. d. Hohmen, iii, 1, 161 sq. ; 225, note; Jordan, Vorldiifer d. Hussitenthums in Buhmen; Nean- der, Kirchenyesck. vol. vi ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop, s. v.
"Waldo, Daniel, a Congregational minister, was born in Windliam, Conn., Sept. 10, 1762, and was a grad- uate of Yale College in the class of 1788. For a time he served as a soldier in the Revolutionary army ; he was taken prisoner, and imprisoned by the British in the Sugar House, New York, barely escaping with his life. He was ordained pastor of the Church in West Suffolk, Conn., May 24, 1792, remaining there seventeen years (1792-1809), acting also, a part of the time, as a mis- sionary in Pennsylvania and New York. After preach- ing in Cambridgeport, Mass., for about a year (1810-11), he performed missionary service in the destitute sections of Rhode Island until 1820, organizing a Congregation- al Church in East Greenwich and another at Slaters- ville. He preached for a time at Harvard, Mass., and for twelve years at Exeter, R. I. Afterwards he re- sided in Syracuse. At the advanced age of ninety- three he was elected chaplain to Congress, and died in 1864, having reached the great age of a hundred and two years. See Memorials of R. I. Congregational Min- isters. (J. C. S.)
Waldo, Horatio, a Presbyterian minister, was a native of Coventry, Conn. He graduated at Williams College in 1804; was a tutor in the college in 1806-7; settled as pastor of the Church in (iriswold. Conn., in 1810; resigned his pastoral charge in 1830; and re-
moved to Portage, N. Y., where he died in 1846. aged sixtv-nine. See Sprague, Annals of the Arne?: Pulpit, iv, (;30.
Waldo, Nathan, a Congregational minister, re- ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1803; was ordained pastor of the church in Williamstown, Vt., in 1806; and died in 1832. See Sprague, .1 unals of /lie A mcr. Pulpit, ii, 269.
Waldo (or Valdo), Peter, the founder or ally of theVaudoisorWaldenses(q. v.),abodyorChristianswho separated themselves from the Church of Rome in the 12th century, was born at Vaux, in Danpliiny, on the banks of the Rhone. He acquired a large fortune by commercial pursuits in Lyons, France; and when he re- solved to retire from business, not only devoted himself to the spiritual instruction of the poor, but distributed his goods among them, and in all respects treated them as his children or brothers. The only translation of the Bible then in use was that made by Jerome, called the Latin Vulgate; but Waldo, who was a learn- ed as well as a benevolent nian, translated the four gospels into French, this being the first appearance of the Scriptures in any modern language. The posses- sion of these books soon discovered to Waldo and his people that the Church was never designed to be de- pendent on a i)riesthood, even for the administration of the .sacraments; and his instruction, boldly followed by practice, became so obnoxious to the Church that he was first persecuted by the archbishop of Lyons, and at length anathematized by the pope. No longer safe at Lyons, Waldo and his friends took refuge in the moun- tains of Dauphiny and Piedmont, and there formed those communities which grew in peace and flourished in rus- tic simplicity " pure as a flower amid the Alpine snows." From these mountains and valleys the simple doctrines of Christianity flowed out in multiplied rivulets all over Europe. Provence, Languedoc, Flanders, Germany, one after another tasted of the refreshing waters, until, in the course of ages, they swelled into a flood which swept over all lands. AValdo is understood to have travelled in Picardy, teaching his Reformation doctrines hundreds of years before Luther was born. He finally settled in Bohemia, where he died in 1179, the same year in which his tenets were denounced by an oecu- menical council. The Waldensian Church was a light on the mountains during the Dark Ages, and, amid all the corruptions of the Church, it held its open Bible and pure doctrines; and that same Church still survives, the basis of all reformatory movements in Italy. (W. P. S.)