7. Mi'sek, TjOp (from T|0"2, to mix, or mingle), is wine mixed with water or aromatics (Sept, Kfparrf^ta; Vulg. mistum). It occurs only once (Psa. Ixxv, 9) ; but the participial noun TiO^P, mimsdk, is found in Prov. xxiii, 30; Isa. Ixv, 11, in a similar senses wine highly spiced, to improve its flavor and enhance its intoxicating pow- er. See below.
8. Shemarim, Q^"i'a'13 (from "i^'IJ, to keep, preserve, lay up ; Sept. Tpvyeag, <l)vXay/.ia, cn^a ; Vulg. fceces, vendemice ; A. V. "lees," "dregs," "wine on the lees"), occurs five times, and always in the plural. It is used both of lees and of wine preserved on the lees: of lees, Psa. Ixxv, 8; .Jer. xlviii, 11; Zeph. i, 12, in all which passages it is used in a figurative sense ; in the second and third, the form of expression is proverbial, being used of individuals and nations — " de iis qui desides, atque otiosi sunt, vel certe vita utuntur quieta, tran- quilla, metaphora a vino petita, quod diu in cella recon- ditum fajcibus superjaciet et intactum asservatur, quo validius fit vinum odorque fragrantior" (Gesenius, The-
saur. p. 1444). It is used of wine, Isa. xxv, 6 (bis), where the prophet foretells the rich provision of Gospel blessings under the figure of " a feast of fat things, of wines on the lees, shemarim,vre\l refined (U^pp1'0,de/'- ecated — i. e. " vinum vetus et nobilissimum a tiecibus purgatum" (Gesenius), or "cum f;ecibus servatum (He- fenwein), quod defecatum et clarificatuin in conviviis opiparis apponitur" (Furst, Concord, p. 1177). The word is used of lees, according to some, " from their preserving the strength and flavor of wine" (Alexan- der) ; according to others as " id quod ad ultimum usque reservatur et remanet — fajces, utpote qu» in imo vasis fundo subsident" (Flirst). Tliis " vetus et nobilissimum vinum" is spoken of approvingly in the last-cited pas- sage.
9. Ashishah, !ir^Tl.'X (Sept. \dyavor cnrb irrjydvov, TTf'^i/ia, dnopiT)]c — i. e. a cake from the frying-pan, a baked cake, a sweet cake — is a variation of rendering truly. The Targ. of .Jonathan on Exod. xvi, 31 uses ■,^ir"'pS for the Heb. niPI-'S^, a flat cake. The tradi- iio J i( da tea is a.^i^'ni Xn"i5, a jar of wine. TheA. V. has "flagons," "flagons of wine"). The plural of the word occurs both in the masculine and feminine forms. Critics are pretty generally agreed that it does not de- note wine or any other driidc, but a cake, such as was " prepared from dried grapes, or raisins pressed or com- pacted into a certain form. Cakes of this kind are mentioned as delicacies with which the weary and lan- guid are refreshed ( 2 Sam. vi, 19 ; 1 Chron. xvi, 3 ; Cant, ii, 5), and were offered in sacrifice to idols (Hos. iii, 1). They differed from plffl^, i. e. grapes dried but not compacted into the form of calves ; and also from ilb'Z'l, i. e. figs pressed into cakes." So Gesenius. who derives the word from lyTl'St, to press, although Gins- burg would derive it from a similar form denoting to burn. The evidence seems in favor of a cake, especial- ly a grape cake, in which latter sense it certainly occurs in Hos. iii, 1, where, however, it is written more fully, or rather with the addition of D'^22", (jrapes, which fills up its meaning, C^SJ j> '''C'^^^— cakes of grapes. Dr. Tattam, resting on the authority of rabbins whom he quotes, seems inclined to abide bv the rendering of the A. V. (see Reph;, p. 13, 14). See Cake.
10. Three other words may here be noticed. 'J'"2H, chomets (Sept, o^of, but in Prov. x, 2G oji^a^, i. e. sour grapes; so the Syr.; Vulg. aceturn; A. V. " vinegar," rightly), occurs five times. This, it appears, was ob- tained either from ydgin or shekdr (Numb, vi, 3), and was used by those engaged in the labors of the field to soften and render more palatable the dry bread which formed the food of the reapers (Ruth ii, 14). It was also used as a beverage, probably mixed with water (Numb, vi, 3 ), in which case it would resemble the posca of tlie Eomans, which was not an intoxicating drink, and was used only by the poorer classes (Plaut. Mil. Glor. iii, 2, 23). In Matt, xxvii, 34 our Lord is said to have had vinegar mingled with gall offered to him to drink when on the cross. Mark (xv, 23) says it was wine mingled with myrrh ; Luke that it was vine- gar offered by the soldiers in mockery (xxiii, 36); and John that it was vinegar (xix, 29). Possibly these ac- counts refer to two separate occurrences — the one an act of cruelty on the part of the soldiers, who, in response to our Lord's exclamation, "I thirst," offered him some of their own posca ; the other an act of intended kindness, designed to alleviate his sufferings bj' an anodyne. See Vinegar.
Anabim, C^ISi!? (A. V." wine" in Hos. iii, 1; else- where correctly "grapes"). See Grape.
Yekeh, 3|7)) (A. V. "wine" in Deut. xvi, 13; else- where correctly "press"). See Wine-press.
11. In the New Test, several words are employed de- notinff wine.
WINE
1014
WINE
(1.) Ohwc, comprehending every sort of wine.