PETER
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PETER
Peter of Alexandria (2), another patriarch of thai - e, was born near the beginning of the Ith cen- tury, during the life of Athanasius, whom he for many years accompanied, sharing his variable fortunes, as presbyter of the Church al Alexandria. He was des- ignated by Athanasius as his successor, and upon the death of thai celebrated Church father (A.D. 373) was appointed to the place, to the greal satisfaction of the orthodox among the people, and with the approval of the neighboring bishops. The Arians, however, who had, tit lur from fear or reverence, c «ded quiel pos- session i" Athanasius, were by no means disposed to acquiesce in the appointment of an orthodox successor; and Peter was al once deposed and imprisoned. Mak- ing his escape, he fled to Rome, where he was kindly received by pope Damasus I. leaving his Arian compet- itor, Lucius, in possession of the Church of Alexan- dria. After five years' absence, Peter returned with letters from the pope confirming his title to the see, and regained possession of the church by favor of the peo- ple n ho deposed Lucius, and forced him to flee to < !on- stantinople. I'eter enjoyed the highest esteem of his contemporaries, but survived ids restoration only a short time. He died Feb. 14,381, and was succeeded by his brother Timothy. Valesius speaks of him as the abettor of Maximus the Cynic in his usurpation of the nstantinople in place of St. Gregory (Nazian- zen), bul this is scarcely probable, since Gregory him- self eulogizes him. Theodorel ascribes this act to Tim- othy. Of the writings of Peter, pans of two letters i preserved to us by Theodorel and Facundus; the firsl giving an account of the persecutions and acts of violence perpetrated by Lucius and the Ariaus; the second. Epistola ad Episcoposet Presbyteros atqiu Dia- conos pro vera Fid* in exsilio constitutes, s. ad Episcopos: Presbyteros, atque Diaconos qui sub Valente Tmperatore Dioca tar< amfut rantexules missi. SeeCeillier, Hist, des Auteurs sacres it eccles. viii. 164 sq.; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, \1. 138; Smith. Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. awl Mythol iii, 220.
Peter of Amiens. See Peter the Hermit.
Peter (Pierre) of St. Andre1 (known also as Jean- Antoint RampaUe), a French ecclesiastic, was horn in 1624 al L'lsle (comt^ Venaissin). After having taken in 1640 the garb ol the barefool Carmelites under the name of Pierre de St. Andre, he taught philosophy and theology; became about 1667 general definitor of his order, and dh d at Rome, in the exercise of these duties, Nov. 29, L671. Although he left only some odes in praise of St. Theresa, father Cosmo de Villiers claims thai he had so much facility in Latin poetry that he irded as a second Baptiste Mantouan. We have of his works. Bistoria generalis Fratrum Dis- nord.di Monte-Carmelo (Rome, 1668-1671, 2 vols, t'ol.i; this history is the continuation of that undertaken by lather Isidore de St. Joseph, who died in 1666: Le Religieux dans la Soliludt (Lyons, 1668, 12mo): La IV. duB.Jeand* laCroix{ Ux,1675,8vo). He has translated into French the Voyagt a VOrient (1659j 8vo), and the I7< du Pen Dominique <h Jesus- M arte, two works of Esprit Julien,as well as the Made- ie, and the Alexis of lather Brig- nol-s.dc. A Traitedi laPhysionomu naturelL and two sacred tragedies are also attributed to him, which, in all probability . are by an homonymous poet, Antoine Ram- paUe, known by a verse from the A rt Poetiqut ofBoileau (ch. iv, ver. 35). See De Villiers, Bibliotk. Carmelitana, ii, 645; Achard, Diet. Hist, </. la Provence; Barjavel, Biog. <hi Vancluse, ii, 295. Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene- rale, si, 198.
Peter of Anolo, a Swiss theologian of the 15th century, flourished al Basle as doctor and pi canon law. He wrote about 1460, Libelhis rf< Casarum Monorchia ad Fridericum, etc (under ih • title Dt Im- perio Romano, edited by Faber, Strasburg, L603 Nu remb. 1657 I, The work takes the -round that the Ger-
man empire i- the continuance of the Roman imperium a view in very recent times espoused by Freeman in his Comparativt Politit . All princes arc subordinate to
the emperor: the emperor is the suhordiuate of the pope, who lias received his authority from God.
Peter ok Antioch (1). See Pi ri r Fi iao.
Peter <>i Antioch (2), the third patriarch of that name in the current tables of the occupants of that Bee, which commence with the apostle Peter, was horn near the beginning of the llih century. Contemporary with Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constai ami Leo of Achridia, he united with them in hostility to i he Latin Church. According to Cave, Peter bitterly inveighed against the lives and doctrines ot the Latin clergy, and especially against the addition of the word filioqui to the creed; while, according to LeQuien,he preserved a more impartial tone, and showed every- where "a disposition averse to schism." I'eter obtained the patriarchate in the year 1053, and in the same year he sent synodical letters to the patriarchs of Alexan- dria, Jerusalem, ami Constantinople, and to pope Leo l\. signifying his accession. Cave states that he Bent to i he pope "a profession of his faith." hut it is probable that he has applied this term to the synodical letter. of which a Latin version appears anion- the letters of Leo IX. Le Quien, who had in his possession the Greek text of these synodical Letters, complains of the great discrepancy between the Creek text and the Latin version. Two letters of I'eter appear in Greek, with a Latin version, in the Monumenta Ecclesia t,n<><i oft iotelerius I ii. 1 12. 1 15 I. The first is entitled Epistola ad Dominicum Gradensem, anil is an answer to Domin- ions i iradensis s. Venetus, patriarch of Venice or Aqui- leia, whose letter, in the collection of Cotelerius. pre- cedes that of I'eter; the scroll, 1 is addressed to Michael