history of his time, particularly that of the c. ts de
Poitiers and the abl f Maillezais. Father Labbe"
has c prised it i Halleacensi Chronicori)'m the monu- ments that he collected for the history of Aquitaine. What concerns the translation of Saint Rigomer has been detached from it and published again bj Mabillon and the BoHandista See Hist. I. in., I, hi France, \. 599. - Hoefer, Vouv. Bioa. Generate, xl, 187. Peter [St.) Martyr i i I, a Roman Catholic saint
of the Dominican order, is greatly beloved in the Rom- ish fold, and in his own order ranks next to the found- er himself. He was horn at Verona about 1205. His parents were Catharists, hut Peter early became ortho- dox in sentiment, and Bought his education at the conventual schools of tin' Church. At the age of fifteen he united with the order by the persuasion of Dominic. He soon became a public character by reason of his piety ami oratorical power. He turned against his own sect, and so severely persecuted the Catharists that he was universally regarded as intolerant. When the Inquisition needed an uncompromising head. Peter was made its general by approval of pope Honorius HI. His high-handed disposal of the lives and property of people under him made him a general object of hatred.
Two Veroniai blemen whom he had accused, and
whose property was confiscated, resolved to be revenged on him. They hired assassins, who watched that they might kill him in a forest where they knew hi- would
pass unaccompanied save by a single monk. When he appeared one of the murderers struck him down with an axe. They then pursued and killed his attendant. When they returned to Peter he was reciting the Apos- tles' Creed, or. as others say, was writing it on the ground with his blood, when the assassins completed their cruel work. This event occurred <>n April 28,A.D. 1252. In the various paintings of this saint he is rep- resented in the habit of his order, and hears the crucifix and palm. His more peculiar attribute is either the axe stuck in his head or a gash from which the blood trickles. Fra Bartolomeo painted the head of his be- loved Jerome Savonarola .as St. Peter Martyr, lie is al-o known as St. Peter of Verona. (J. II. \V. )
Jerome Savon
Peter (St.") Martyr (2), a Romish saint of the 15th century, was bom at Arona in 1 155, and was prob- ably educated at tin- university in Salamanca, w here he taught for many years with great success. lie bad a part in the wars against the Moors, and in 1
holy orders. As prior of Granada he w.as frequently employed in very important missions by queen Isabella
the Catholic. His travels in diplomatic interests be described in lh legation* Babylonica. He died in 1525. His Epistola 'I' rebus ffispanicis was published at Al-
cala in 1530, anil at Amsterdam in 1670.
Peter, Mauritius. See Peter the Venerable. Peter Moqilas. See Moon \-. Peter Mosoi 9, a Monophyaite, flourished as patri- arch of Alexandria in the 5th centurv. Liberatus crives
PETER 3
him also the surname of the Stammerer. He was or- dained deacon by Dioscorus, successor of Cyril, who held the patriarchate for seven years (A.D. 444-451). Peter was the ready participator in the violences of Dioscorus, and earnestly embraced his cause when he was deposed by the Council of Chalcedon, withdrawing from the communion of the successor of Dioscorus, Proterius, who supported the cause of the council, and uniting in the opposition raised by Timothy yElurus and others. Peter was consequently sentenced, apparently by Proterius, to deposition and excommunication. Whether he was banished, as well as Timothy /Elurus, is not clear, but he seems to have accompanied Timothy to Alexandria, and to have been his chief supporter when, after the death of the emperor Marcian, he returned, and either murdered Proterius or excited the tumults that led to his death, A.D. 457. Timothy ^Elurus was immediately raised to the patriarchate by his partisans, but was short- ly after banished by the emperor Leo I, the Thracian, who had succeeded Mareian. Peter also was. obliged to flee. Another Timothy, surnamed Salofaciolus, a sup- porter of the Council of Chalcedon, was appointed to succeed Proterius in the patriarchate. When, in the fol- lowing reign of Zeno, or rather during the short usurpa- tion of Basiliscus, Timothy iElurus Mas recalled from exile (A.D. 475), and was sent from Constantinople to Alexandria to re-occupy that see, he wasjoined by Pe- ter and his party, and with their support drove out his competitor Salofaciolus, who took refuge in a monastery at Canopus. On the downfall of Basiliscus and the res- toration of Zeno, Timothy ^Elurus was allowed, through the emperor's compassion for his great age, to retain his see ; but when on his death (A.D. 477) the Monophysite bishops of Egypt, without waiting for the emperor's di- rections, elected Peter (who had previously obtained the rank of archdeacon) as his successor, the emperor's in- dignation was so far aroused that he determined to put the new prelate to death. His anger, however, some- what abated, and Peter was allowed to live, but was de- prived of the patriarchate, to which Timothy Salofaci- olus was restored. On the death of Salofaciolus, which occurred soon after, John of Tabenna, surnamed Talaia, was appointed to succeed him ; but he was very shortly deposed by order of Zeno, on some account not clearly ascertained, and Peter Mongus was unexpectedly re- called from Eucha'ita in Pontus, whither he had been banished, and was (A.D. 482) restored to his see. His restoration appears to have been part of the policy of Zeno to unite, if possible, all parties; a policy which Peter, whose age and misfortunes appear to have abated the fierceness of his party spirit, was ready to adopt. He consequently subscribed the Henoticon of the emperor, and readmitted the Proterian party to communion on their doing the same. John of Tabenna had meanwhile fled to Rome, where the pope, Simplicius, who, with the Western Church, steadily supported the Council of Chalcedon, embraced his cause, and wrote to the emper- or in his behalf. Felix II or III, who succeeded Sim- plicius (A.D. 483), was equally zealous on the same side. Peter had some difficulty in maintaining his position. In order to recover the favor of his Monophysite friends, whom his subservience to Zeno's policy had alienated, he anathematized the Council of Chalcedon ; and then, to avert the displeasure of Acacius of Constantinople and of the court, to whose temporizing course this de- cisive step was adverse, he denied that he had done so. Evagrius has preserved the letter he wrote to Acacius on this occasion, which is the only writing of Peter now extant. By this tergiversation he preserved his see, and was enabled to brave the repeated anathemas of the Western Church. When, however, to recover the attachment of the Monophysites, he again anathema- tized the Council of Chalcedon, and Euphemius, the newly elected patriarch of Constantinople, forsaking the policy of his predecessors, took part with the Western Church against him, his difficulties became more seri- ous. What result this combination against him might VHI.-C