1 ks and their defenders ; the former consisting of the
Dominicans and their partisans, and the latter of all moderate and enlightened theologians. The affair was finally left by an appeal to pope Leo \. Hochstraaten, an inquisitor, and a man fully qualified for that cruel office, repaired to Rome, supported with remonstrances from several princes to bias, with money to bribe, and menaces to intimidate. He even threatened the pope with rejecting Ins authority and separating from the Church, unless Reuchlin, and the .lews whom he defend- ed, were condemned. But all his efforts were in vain, and he was obliged to return, mortified and disgraced. The victory which his opponent had gained exposed him to the enmity of the monkish party. But he in- formed them "he was persuaded that Martin Luther, who then began to make a figure in Germany, would find them so much employment that they would permit him to end his days in peace" (Villers on the Refor- mation, p. 107). Soon, indeed (by reason apparently of the Reformation movement ), an end was put to the whole dispute. When and where Pfefferkom died is difficult to say. <lf his works, which obtained Mich unenviable notoriety, we mention, Der Judenspiegel, or Speculum adkortationis Judaica ad Christum (Nilrnb. 1507 i: Du Judenbeichte, or Libellus de Judaica confes- sion* sivi Sabbate afflictionis cumfiguris (Colog. L508) : —Das OsterbuchfOi Narratio deration* Pascha cele- brandi inter Judceos recepta (Colog. and Augsb. 1509): Der Judenfeind, or Hostis Judceorum (ibid. L509):— h, Lob >ii"/ 1 In < a •!> hi Kaiser Maximilian, or In laudem et honorem illiistrissimi imperatoris Maximiliani, etc. (Colog. 1510): I in Brief an Geistlich und Weltlickt in Betreffdes Kaiserlichen Mandate dit jiidischen Schrif- ertUgen: Der Uandspiegel, against Reuchlin t Mayence, 1511): Der Brandspiegel (ibid. 1513): ///. Sturmghcke, against Reuchlin (Cologne, 1514^t — Streitbiichlein wider Reuchlin u. s. Junger, or Defen- sio contra famosas et criminates obscurorum verorum epistolas, dedicated to the pope and the college of cardinals (Cologne, 1516) : Eim mitleidigt Clag1 gegen ih a unglaubigen Reuchlin (1521). .Where the Latin title is given, the work was also translated into Latin.)
C p. burst, /,7V. Jml. iii. 82; Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. i. 985
sq.; iii, 940 sq. ; iv,956sq.; Meiners, Lebensbeschreibung 'li r Miiiim r mis iii ii /.i iii ii li r Wit '!• i In i sit llungdt r W'is- senschafien i Zurich, 1795), i. 99 sq. ; Meyerhoff, Reuch- lin u.s. /.iii; Erhard, Geschichtt des Wiederaufblu- hi ns il. ,- trissi nschaftl. Bildung, vol. ii ; Lamey, Rt uchlin u.s. /.til; Strauss, Ulrich v. Hutten, vol. i ; Griitz, Gesch. tl.Jttli,,. ,x. 98, L01 sq., 103, 110 sq., L15 jq., 130 sq., 1 L0, L42, L58 sq., 168 sq., 209, 211, 218, and Appendix, note 2, p. vii sq.; L. Geiger, Das Studium der liebr. -\
T>. iiisfltliiml. p. 38 sq. i Breslau, 1870) ; Kalkar, Israel u. tl. Kirche, p. 90 sq.; Basnage, Uistoire des Juifs, p. 730 (Taylor's transL); H.Adams, Hist, of tht Jews, ii, 47 sq. (Boston, 1812 : Da Costa, Israel and tlu Gentiles, p. 464 sip: .Illiniums Pfefferkom, in Geiger's Zeitschrift fur Wissenschajl u. Leben | 1869), p. 293 -309; Akten- siiich .in- Confiscation der jiidischen Schrifien in Frank- furt a. M. unter Kaiser Maximilian durch Pfefferkorris A ngeberei, in Frankel-Gratz's Monatsschr. (July, 1875), p. 289 sq.; Weyden, Gesch. </. J mini in Koln a (Cologne, 1867), p. 259 Bq.; Palmer, Hist, ofth Nation (L I. 1874 i, p. 288. (B. 1'.)
Pfefferkom, S. Michael M. a German theolo- gian, was born in the year 1646 at Iffta, near Eisenach, and was the son of a minister. Having received his preparatory education at Creutzburg and Gotha, he went. to Jena, when- in 1666 he was en ated magister. From Jena he went to Leipsic, and alter having completed his stu. lies, he was appointed professor at the Altenburg gymnasium. Having occupied several stations as an educator, he was called in 1676 to the pastorate of Frie- mar, near Gotha. Lor fifty years he faithfully dis- charged his ministerial functions. lie died March .">, L732. Besides other works, he is the author of some
very fine hymns, which found their ua\ in iirlniiin-
books, as -Was frag' ich nach der Well und alien ihren Schatzen" i Engl. transl. by Mills, "Can I this world es- teem," in Hymns from the < it main. p. 101 1. See Briick- ner, Kirchen- und Schulensfaat im Herzogthum Gotha (Gotha, 1760,3 pts.), iv,80 82; Koch, Gesch. d.deutschen Kin in ii/ii des, iv, 63 sq. (B. P.)
Pfeiffer, Augustus, D.D., a learned German Lu- theran divine, noted as an < Orientalist, was born at Lau- enburg Oct. 30, L640, and was educated at Wittenberg. In lt'.7:; he entered the ministry, and thereafter held several important pastorates. In 1681 he became arch- deacon to the church of St. Thomas at Leipsic, in « hich city he also held a chair in theology at the university. In L689 he was made superintendent of the church - al Lubeck, and died there .ban. 11. 1698. Pfeiffer was one of the most skilful philologists of his time. He is said to have known seventy languages. His library was rich in Hebrew, Arabic, Coptic, Armenian, Persian, and Chinese Mss„ and he left manj learned writings. Hi- philological works w ere all collected under the title 0} < ra omnia philologica (Utrecht, 1704,2 vols.4to). 1 1 is other publications were. Theologia Judaica atqtu Mohamme- tlifti (Lips. 1687. L2mo): -Anliguitates selecta, ab Ugo- li/m notis illu strata I in Dgolino, iv, 1 17;'. \ \ in /•< italio tit Theraphim (ibid, xxiii, 549): — Diatribt tit poesx Hebr. recognita (ibid, xxxi, 899; transl. into Engl, by I). A. Taylor, with addition-., in the Bibl. RepOS. vols. vi-ix): — Miiini'liii tin nova etfacilis ad accent uationem, etc. (UgoL xxxi. 927): Specimen tit monialibus Vet. Test. (ibid, xxxii, 657) : Specimen d\ voct i'«rafa S"l-0 (ibid, xxxii, 743) ; Specimen dt Psalmis Gradpum (ibid, xxxii, 675). See Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. ; Roter- mund's Suppl. to Jocher, Gelehrten-Lexikon. s. \. Pip- ping; Memoria theologorvm, 8. v. (J.H.W.)