Phal'ti (Heb. Palti', *~^~~- my deliverana ; Sept.
<J>«X-i), the - fLaish of Gallim,to whom Saul gave
Michal in marriage after his mad jealousy had driven David forth as an outlaw (1 Sam. xxv, 11). B.C. cir. 1061. [n 2 Sam. iii, 15 he is called Phaltiel. Ewald (Gesch.i^, 1 ■_'!•) siiLi'^csts tliat this forced marriage was a piece of policy on the part of Saul i" attach Phalti to his bouse. With the exception of this brief mention of his name, and the touching little episode in 2 Sam. iii. 16, nothing more is heard ofPhalti. Michal is there restored to David. " Her husband wenl with her along weeping behind her to Bahurira," and there, in obe- dience to Abner'sabrupt command. -Mid, return." he turns and disappears from the scene. Smith. See David.
There was another person of the same Heb. name (Numb. xiii,9, A. V." Palti" [q. v.]).
Phal'tiel (Heb. Paltiel', sx-jbs. deliverana of
God; Sept. <t>«.\,i/y.\ l. Saul's son-in-law (2 Sam. iii.
L5) : i Isewhere called Phalti (q. v.).
Phannias (Rawing)', son-of Samuel, "of the vil- lage of Aphtha," raised by lot to the Jewish high-priest- hood bj the faction of John during the final siege by the Romans, A.D. 70. He was totally unfit for the po- sition, and was compelled to go through its duties (Jo- sephus, War, iv. :;. 8). He doubtless perished in the sack of the Temple.
Phantasiacts is a name given to the Doceta (q. v.), and of the same import with thai term.
Phantasiodocetae is a term used by Theophylacl in his commentary on the 4th chapter of John. See
l'll.Wl Asl Wis.
Phanton of Phlius, a Pythagorean philosopher, one of the last of thai school, was a disciple of Pbilolaus and Eurytus, and probably in his old age contemporary with Aristoxenus the Peripatetic. B.C.320.
Fhami'el (&avovi]\, probably a Grsecized form of the same Heb. name with Penuel,fact of God), a de- scendant of the tribe of Asher, and father of the proph- etess Anna (Luke ii, 36). B.C.cir.80.
Phar'acim (papaicifi v. r. (banaictlp ), a name men-
ti id in the Apocrypha (I Esdr. v. 31) as that of a
Hebrew whose "sons" returned an ur the servants of
the Temple from the captivity with Zerubbabel ; bul it does in i occur in the parallel lists of Ezra and NTehe- miah.
Pha'raoh [vulgarly pron. Phar'oli] (Heb.Parok', WIS, Sept., New Test., and Josephus toapaw, bul Bi l- dom in i lassical writers), the comn title of the an- cient kings of I :\ pi. as I'tol. my of its later kings, and Caesar ol the emperors of Rome. (The following ac- count is based upon thai in Fairbairn's Dictionary, uith modifications and additions from other sources.)
The name is derived from the Egyptian word Pire, or /■/a,', signifying the sun | Wilkinson, Anc. Egyptians, i, 43). This identification, respecting which there can be no doubt, is due to the duke of Northumbi rland and general Felix (Rawlinson's Herod. ii, 293). Ii has been supposed that the original was the same as tl Ouro, "the king," with the article, Pi-ovro, P-ouro ,■ bul this word appear- nol to have been written, judg- ing from the evidence oi the Egyptian inscriptions and writings, in the tines to which the Scriptures refer, rhe conjecture arose from the idea thai Pharaoh must signify, instead of merely implying, "king," a mistake
occasi id by a too implicit confidence in t he exactm ss
of ancient writers (Joseph. Ant. viii, 6, 2; Euscb. ed. Seal. p. 20, v. 1 1. Bunsen approves of this derivation of Josephus {Egypt's Place,\, 191,1 1. 1848), bul Wil- kinson in the passage above quoted shows reasons for rejecting it. The name -was probably given in the earliest times to the Egyptian kings as being the chief on earth, as the sun was the chit I among the heavenly bodies, and afterwards, when this luminary became the objeel of idolatrous worship, as the representation or incarnation of their sun-god, I'hra or Be" (W Inc. Egypt, iv, 267; Rosellini, i. 115; Trevor, Egypt, p. 124 136). Regarding the sun at firs! as the greatest of the divine works ami a main element in the produc- tion of Egypt's marvellous fertility, they readily used ii as significant of their monarchs, to whose wise laws in the infancy of their state Egypt is supposed to be greatly indebted fur the permanence and prosperity of her institutions. "Son of l lie sun" was the title of every l'haraoh. and the usual comparison made by the priesthood of their monarchs when returning from a successful war was that his power was exalted in the world as the sun was in the heavens i Wilkinson, i. 100; iv. •_'**>. In the hieroglyphics the hawk was the em- blem of the king as Pharaoh (id. iii, 287), and ii is per- haps of consequence to note that in the representations of, apparently, two different kings ruling contempora- neously over Upper and Lower Egypt, the hawk occurs only in connect ion with one of them (id. iii. 282).
Readers of Scripture will remark that l'haraoh often stands simply like a proper name (Gen.xii, 1">; xxxvii, :'>ii: xl. -J sip; xliv, 1 sip; and so generally thrpughoul the Pentateuch, and also in Cant. i. 9; [sa. xix. II; \xx. •_'». "King of Egypt" i> sometimes subjoined to it i I Kings iii. 1 : 2 Kings xvii.7; xviii, 21 | : and some- times aN., the more specific designation, or real proper name of the monarch is indicate, 1, as l'haraoh Necho (•_' Kind's xxiii, 33), l'haraoh Hophra (Jer. xliv, 30). Josephus I I /'/. viii. 6, 2) says that while every king of Egypt from Menes to the time of Solomon took this title.no king of Egypl used it afterwards, and affirms the latter fact to he apparent from the sacred writings.