Coin of Herod Philip the Tetrarch.
Philip (St.) Benozzi (San FUippo Beniti, or JJe- nizzi) stands at the head of the Order of the Servi, or Serviti. at Florence. He was not the founder of the order, having joined it fifteen years after its establish- ment, but he is their principal saint. See Serviti.
Philip of C.esarea is a pseudo-name of one The- ophilus of Csesarea, who flourished in the second half of the 2d century, and kept the account of the council held in the city after which he is named in A.U. 19G. See Tiieopiiilus.
Philip of Gortyna, a Christian writer of the 2d century, flourished as bishop of the Church at Gortyna, in Crete, and was spoken of in the highest terms by Uionysius of Corinth in a letter to the Church at Gor- tyna and the other churches in Crete (apiid Euseb. Hist. Ecclcs. iv, 23), as having inspired his flock with manly courage, apparently during the persecutions of Marcus Aurelius. Philip wrote a book against Mar- cion (q. v.), which was highly esteemed by the ancients, but is now lost; Trithemius speaks of it as extant in his day, but his exactness as to whether books were in ex- istence or not is not great. He also states that Philip wrote A d Dicersos Epistolai and Varii Tractatus, but these are not mentioned by the ancients. See Eusebius, Hist. Eceles. iv, 21, 23, 25; Jerome, De Viris Itlustr. c. 30; Trithemius, De Scriptor. Eecles. c. 19; Cave, Hist. Lilt, ad ami. 172 (ed. Oxford, 1740-1743), i, 74 ; Lardner,
Works (see Index). — Smith, Diet, of Or. and Rom.
fiiOff. S. V.
Philip of Moscow, a Russian prelate of much dis- tinction, nourished in the second half of the 16th cen- tury. ( )(' his early history we know scarcely anything. He held several of the most important ecclesiastical trusts of Russia to the satisfaction of both clergy and government, and was finally, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, made primate of the Russo-Greek Church. Philip soon came into collision with bis royal master because of the personal cruelties in which the czar in- dulged, and for his honesty of purpose and frankness of declaration, Philip suffered martyrdom. "It is a true glory of the Russian Church, and an example to the hierarchy of all churches, that its one martyred prelate should have suffered, not for any high ecclesiastical pre- tensions, but in the simple cause of justice and mercy. ' Silence,' he said, as he rebuked the czar, 'lays sin upon the soul, and brings death to the whole people. ... I am a stranger and a pilgrim upon earth, as all my fa- thers were, and / am ready to suffer for the truth. Where would my faith be if I kept silence? . . . Here we are offering up the bloodless sacrifice to the Lord; while behind the altar flows the innocent blood of Christian men.' As he was dragged away from the cathedral, his one word was ' Pray.' As he received his executioner in the narrow cell of his prison in the convent of Luer, he only said, 'Perform thy mission.'" See Stanley, Hist, of the Eastern Church, p. 437. (J. II. W.)
Philip (St.) of Neri. See Neri, Filirpo.
Philip of Opus. Suidas (s. v. $>i\ooo(poc) has this
remarkable passage: "- ■, a philosopher who divided
the Leges (s. De Legibus) of Plato into twelve books (for he is said to have added the thirteenth himself), and was a hearer of Socrates and of Plato himself; devoting himself to the contemplation of the heavens (erxoXaaac. role fitTiwpoie). He lived in the days of Philip of Mac- edon." Suidas then gives a long list of works written by Philip. It is evident that the passage as it stands in Suidas is imperfect, and that the name of the author of the numerous works which he mentions has been lost from the commencement of the passage. It appears, j however, from the extract occupying its proper place in I the Lexicon according to its present heading, that the I defect existed in the source from which Suidas bor- I rowed. Kuster, the editor of Suidas (not. in foe), after long investigation, was enabled to supply the omission by comparing a passage in Diogenes Laertius (iii, 37), and to identify "the philosopher" of Suidas with Philip of the Locrian town of Opus, near the channel which separates Eubrea from the mainland. The passage in Laertius is as follows : " Some say that Philip the Opun- tian transcribed his (Plato's) work, De Legibus, which was written in wax ( i. e, on wooden tablets covered with a coat of wax). They say also that the 'Eirtvopte, (the thirteenth book of the De Legibus) is his," i. e. Philip's. The Epinomis, whether written by Philip or by Plato, is usually included among the works of the latter. Di- ogenes Laertius elsewhere (iii, 4G) enumerates Philip among the disciples of Plato. See Fabricius, Bibl. O'rcec. iii. 104.— Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Eiog. s. v.
Philip the Presbyter, an Eastern ecclesiastic of the 5th century, was, according to Gennadius (De Viris Ittustr. c. G2), a disciple of Jerome, and died in the reign of Marcian and Avitus over the Eastern and Western empires respectively, i. e. A.I). 45G. Philip wrote, 1. Commentarius in Jobum ; 2. Faiuiliares Epis- tolce, of which Gennadius, who had read them, speaks highly. These Epistola have perished : hut a Commen- tarins in Jobum addressed to Nectarius has been several times printed, sometimes separately under the name of Philip (Basle, 1527. two edit. fol. and 4to), and some- times under the name and among the works of the Ven- erable Bede and of Jerome. Vallarsi and the Benedictine editors of Jerome give the Commentarius in their edi- tions of that father (v, G78, etc., cd. Benedict. ; vol. xi,