Philip, John. D.D., a missionary to Africa, was born at Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland. April 14, 1775. His father, who was teacher of an English school, gave him his elementary education; and his mother, who is de- scribed as "a woman of earnest and devoted piety." en- deavored, with all the powerful insinuating influence of maternal persuasion, to imbue his infant mind with the fearof God and a reverence for his Word. Circumstances occasioned his removal while yet a boy to reside in the house of an uncle at Leven ; and there his character rapidly developed itself in the leading features of intel- lectual and mural individuality that distinguished him through life. In his nineteenth year he removed to Dundee, where, having completed his term of appren-
ticeship to a linen-manufacturer, he relinquished that trade for the office of clerk in a factory, an office which, without regard to salary, he preferred, from the greater opportunities it afforded him for mental improvement. The Congregational minister with whose Church lie connected himself conceived a strong attachment for him, and through his influence Philip was introduced to the theological college at Hoxton. After having completed the regular term of three years' study, he was licensed as a preacher and ordained in 1804. In the course of Providence he was led to visit Aberdeen, where his pulpit ministrations proved so useful that he received an invitation, which he accepted, to undertake the pastoral charge of a Congregational Church recently formed in that town. His heart had for many years been strongly set on the missionary work, when the London Missionary Society proposed to him to under- take the superintendence of their numerous missions in South Africa. The proposal, though at first strenuously opposed by his attached congregation, to whom he had then ministered for fourteen years, was at length ac- cepted by both as the will of God, and in 1820 Dr. Philip sailed for Africa. He there assumed charge of the Church in Union Chapel, Cape Town, and for thirty years besides held the office of superintendent of the society's missions. By his labors in this field he is principally known. But besides these direct evangeli- cal labors. Dr. Philip made most persevering and success- fid efforts on behalf of the down-trodden tribes of South Africa. By his intercourse with the natives he obtained evidence of the disastrous effects of the prevailing sys- tem, and ere long the strong arm of British power was stretched out for the defence of those who had so long been the white man's prey. These labors gained for him the title of " Liberator of Africa." Dr. Philip died in 1850, as became a missionary, amid the people to whose spiritual and temporal welfare the energies of his life had been devoted. He published a work en- titled Researches in Africa, which was received with great interest by the English government. See Jamie- son's Cyclop. ofRelig. Biog. s.y.
Philip, Robert, D.D., an English dissenting divine, was born in 1791, and was educated at Owen College, Manchester, and after ordination preached to several In- dependent congregations, until at last he was called to the pastorate of Maberley Chapel, London, where he died in 1858. He wrote. Christian Experience, Guide to the Perplexed:— Communion with God, Guide to the De- votional:—Eternity Realized, Guidt to the Thoughtful: — The God of Glory, Guide to the Doubting:— On Pleas- ing God, Guide to the Conscientious : — Redemption, or the Nt ir Song in Heaven. Rev. Albert Barnes wrote an in- troduction to these six works, and they were published under the title of Devotional Guides ( N. Y. 1867, 2 vols. 12mo). Dr. Philip also published, Sacramental Expe- rience, a Guide to Communicants (new ed. Lond. 1844, 18mo): — The Marys, or Beauty of Female Holiness (1840, roy. 18mo) : — The J/ a //has. or Varieties of Fe- male Piety (1840, sm. 18mo) : — The Lydias, or It, velop- ment of Female Character (1841, roy. 18mo): — The Hannahs, or Maternal Influence on Sons ( 1841, l2mo). These were published collectively as the " Lady's Closet Library" (4 vols. 18mo) : — Maul;/ Piety in its Principles (1837, 18mo):— Manly Piety in its Realizations (1837, 18mo), were published in 1 vol. 12mo. under the title of the " Young Man's Closet Library :" — The Comforter, or the Lore <>f the Spirit (Lond. 1836, 18mo) :— The Eter- nal, or the Attributes of Jehovah, etc. ( 1846, fcp.8vo) :— The Elijah of South Africa (1852, fcp. 8vo) :— Life, Times, etc., of John Bunyan (1838, l2mo) : -Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (Lond. 1843, roy. 18mo): — TJfe ami Times of the Rev. Samuel Wkitefield (1838, 8vo): —
Lift ami Opinions of the II, r. William Millie. (1839, post 8vo): — Life and Times of tin Rev. John Camp- In II i Lond. 1841, 8vo) : — Introductory Essay to the Prac- tical Works oftheRev. Richard Baxter (1838,4 vols.). (J.H.W.)
PHILIPOFTSCHINS i
Philipoftschins <>r Pbiliponiar.s. s. Phi-
LIPPLN8.
Philip'pi chrWi-TTni. plur. of PkUip . a celebrated city of Macedonia, visited by the apostle Paul, and the earliest < Christian ( Ihurch formally established in Europe. The double miracle wrought i lure ami the fan thai "to the -aim- in Philippi" the great apostle of the < lentiles addressed one of his epistles, must e\ ei make this city holy ground. (The following account pi it i- based upon that of l»r. Porter in Kitto's Cyclo- paedia, with large additions from other sources.)