Philippists is the name of thai Bed or party among
the Lutherans w ho were t he followers of Philip Melanc-
tbon. He had strenuously opposed the Ubiquists, who arose in bis time; and the dispute growing still hotter after his death, the University of Wittenberg, who es- poused Melanet lion's opinion, were called by the I la- cians. who attacked it. Philippists. They were strongest in that university, the opposite party controlling the University of Jena. The Philippists were in the end accused of being CalvinistS at heart, and were much persecuted by the ultra-Lutheran party. See the differ- ent works on the Reformation (q. v.), and the long trea- t ise in Herzog, /.'< al-EncyMopddu . xi, 537 5 16. See also Adiaphoristic Controversy ; Mi i ujcthon.
Pllilipps, Dirk, one of the most eminent co-labor- ers of Simon Menno (q. v.), was born in 1504 at Len- w anleii, the capital of Friesland, of Romish parentage. lie was carefully and piously reared, and had unusual educational facilities in his time. When the Anabap- tists came to Friesland, Philipps, who was then a de- voted Romanist, soon became interested in the new doctrines; and alter his brother Ubbo, a common me- chanic, bad embraced the modern teachings and become a preacher, Dirk also found pleasure in them; forsook l he t hiirch of Rome. and was rebapti/ed. As a pnacher of the new- doctrines he was stationed at Appine.ad.im i Groningen), and contented himsell in that position until i li«' Anabaptists advocated the extreme socialistic views.
About the year 1534 or 1535 these tWO brothers came
out boldly against the Minister ideas of the Anabaptists,
and thus prepared the way for the revolution which
Menno shortly after effected. After 1536 the brothers Philipps disappear, and are but little heard of. At the conference of the different Anabapl ists held at Buck- holt, in Westphalia, they do not seem to have been pres- ent. In 1543 we find them at Lindi n. After (hat we
only meet Dirk now and then, but always in closes! inti- macy with Menno. Ubbo finally .separated from both Dirk and Menno. and took a i dilatory posiii,,n be- tween the Protestants and Romanists. Rut Dirk re- mained true to Menno. and ever alter is warmly C -
mi nded by I he great Dutch Reformer and founder of the Quakers uf II, il land. After the death of Simon Menno. Dirk was more or less involved, and that unhappily, in the controv ersies « hich agitated the Dutch Anabaptists.
In 1568 he was at Danrzic,bu< was so much sought after
at home that the sixt \ -four-ycars-old man consented to return to Emden. lie died there in 1568 or L570. His many pamphleteering publications have been collected in bis Enchiridion, oi - Hand-book." among which there is an Apology or Defend of the Anabaptists; a treatise on Christian Marriage, etc. It is the universal testi- mony of Protestants and Romanists that Dirk Philipps was a vi tv learned man. well versed in the classical -.and a pulpit orator ol' the very highest order.
PHILIPPS
101
PIIILISTIA
See Gent, An/any u. Fortgavg der Streitigkeiten unter den Taufgesinnfen ; Blaup. Ten Cate, Gesch. der Tavf- gesinnten. See also Mennonttes, and the literature thereto appended. (J. H.W.)
Philipps, Ubbo. See PuiLirrs, Diuk.
Philippsohn, Moses, a noted Hebraist, was born May 9. 1775, in Sandersleben, a small town on the Wip- per, and was destined for a rabbinate by his parents, who began to initiate him into Hebrew when he was scarcely four years of age. In 1787 he was sent to a rabbinic school at Halberstadt, where he was instructed in the Talmud and other branches of rabbinic litera- ture. He then went to Brunswick, where he devoted himself to the study of the sciences generally, and in particular Hebrew philology, acquiring a most classical and charming style in Hebrew composition. In 1799, when only four-and -twenty, he was appointed master of the noted Jewish school at Dessau, where the cel- ebrated historian Jost and the philosopher Mendels- sohn, were educated. Here Philippsohn prosecuted more zealously than ever the study of Hebrew and the Hebrew Scriptures, and determined to continue, with the aid of his three colleagues, the great Bible work commenced by Mendelssohn (q. v.), selecting the minor prophets for their conjoint- labor. Philippsohn undertook to trans- late and expound Hosea and Joel, being the two most difficult books of the twelve minor prophets ; his col- league Wolf the translation and exposition of Obadiah, Micah, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah; his colleague Sol- omon undertook Haggai and Zechariah ; while Neuman undertook Amos, Nahum, and Malachi; Jonah having already been published by Lowe (q. v.) ; and the whole was published under the title fVTliTIH TXmQ, a Pure Offering, at Dessau, in 1805. Three years later Philipp- sohn published a Hebrew Grammar and Chrestomathy, entitled ftm ^b STlTO, Friend of Students (Dessau, 1808 ; 2d improved ed. ibid. 1823) ; and a Hebrew Com- mentary on the Book of Daniel, with a translation by Wolf (ibid. 1808). He also wrote essays on various subjects connected with Hebrew literature in the He- brew periodical called tlDX^n. The Gatherer, and died April 20, 1814. See Steinschneider, Catalogue Lib?: Hebr.in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, col. 2099, and the inter- esting biographical sketch by Dr. Ph. Philippson, in his Biographisvhe Skizzen (Leips. 1864) ; Jost, Gesch. der Juden. u. s. Sekten (see Index in vol. iii). — Kitto, Cyclop. Bib. Lit. s. v.