Philips, Edward, M.A., an English divine, was born near the middle of the 16th century. He was en- tered a student in Broadgate's Hall, now Pembroke Col- lege, in 1574; became preacher at St. Saviour's, South- wark, London, and died about 1603. He was a Calvinist, and esteemed " a person zealous of the truth of God, earnest in his calling, faithful in his message, powerful in his speech, careful of his flock, peaceable and blame- less in his life, and comfortable and constant in his death." His published sermons are entitled, Certaine Godly and Learned Sermons, Preached by that worthy Servant of Christ in St. Saviour's, in Southwark; and were taken by the pen of II. Yelcerton, of Gray's Inn, Gen- tleman (Lond. 1607, 4to). — Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. Philips, Thomas, a Roman Catholic divine, was born ofl'rotestant parentage at Ickford, in Buckingham- shire; received his education at St. Omer's, and there became a zealous Romanist. He entered into orders, and became a Jesuit, but quitted that society, and ob- tained a prebend in the collegiate church of Tongres, with a dispensation to reside in England. He was the author of The Study of Sacred Literature Stated ami Considered (Lond. 1758, 8vo); and The Life of Cardinal Pole (Oxf. 1764-67, 2 vols.). He died at'Liege in 1774. Philips was a man of eminent piety, and a writer of considerable ability.
Philip's (St.) and James's (St.) Day, a festival observed in memory of the apostles Philip and James
the Less, on the 1st of May. In the Greek Church the festival of St. Philip is kept on the 14th of November.
Philis'tia (Heb. Pele'sheth, Flttfts, signif. doubt- ful [see below] ; Sept. c'i\\6<pv\oi), the land of the Phi- listines, as it is usually styled in prose (Gen. xxi, 32, 33; Exod. xiii, 17; 1 Sam. xxvii, 1, 7; xxix, 11; 1 Kings iv, 21 ; 2 Kings viii, 2, 3). This term is ren- dered in our version sometimes " Palestina," as in Exod. xv, 14, and Isa. xiv, 29, 31 ; and " Palestine" in Joel iii, 4; but "Philistia" in Psa. lx, 8; lxxxvii, 4; and cviii, 9; and "Philistines" in Psa. lxxxiii, 7. "Palestine" originally meant nothing but the district inhabited by the "Philistines," who are called by Josephus n«Aai- arh'oi, " Pakestines" (Ant. v, 1, 8). In fact the two words are the same, and the difference in their present form is but the result of gradual corruption. The form Philistia does not occur anywhere in the Sept. or Vul- gate. In Exod. xv, 14 this word (Peleshetli) is used along with Canaan, and as distinct from it; in Joel iii, 4 its " coasts" are referred to (for it was a littoral terri- tory), and are coupled with Tyre and Sidon as having sold into slavery the children of Judah and Jerusalem, and carried off silver and gold from the Temple ; and in Isa. xiv, 29-31 it is told not to congratulate itself on the death of Ahaz, who had smitten it. In Psa. lx, 8; lxxxiii, 7; lxxxvii, 4; cviii, 9, it is classed among countries hostile to Israel. The word therefore uni- formly in Scripture denotes the territory of the Philis- tines— though it came at length to signify in common speech the entire country— the Holy Land. Philistia is probably the country vaguely referred to by Herodo- tus as Ivph) YlaXainriva — for he describes it as lying on the sea-coast (vii, 89). The name is specially at- tached to Southern Syria by Strabo (xvi), Pomp. Mela (i, 11), and Pliny (Hist. Nat. v, 12). The broader sig- nification of the term arose by degrees. Josephus ap- parently uses it in both meanings (Ant. i, 6, 2, 4; viii, 10, 3). Philo says of Palestine, ?'/ tots irpo<n]yopivtTo Xavavaiwi', and Jerome says, "Terra Judasa quaa nunc appellator Pala?stina" (see Reland, Palcest. chap, i, vii, viii). In the Talmud and the Arabic it likewise de- notes the whole land of the Jews. See Palestine.
The name itself has given rise to various conjectures. Hitzig identities the Philistines with IleXaayoi, and supposes the word, after the Sanscrit Valaksha, to de- note the white races, as opposed to the Phoenician or dusky races (see Kenrick, Phoin. p. 50, 52). Redslob makes it a transposition of the name of their country, nb£d, Shephelah, the low country (A. V. "valley" or " plain"). Knobel, Gesenius, Movers, and Roth take it from the root UJbs, " to emigrate" — of which 'AAAo^i;- Aoi is supposed to be a translation. Fiirst substantially agrees with this etymology, from the same Heb. root, in the sense of breaking through, i. e. "wandering." Stark regards this Greek term as opposed to opofvXog, "of the same race" (Gaza, p. 67); and Von Lengerke looks upon it as a playful transposition of ®v\t<jTttip. 'AWvcpvXoi seems, in "later Greek, to denote a foreign race living in a country among its natives. Thus Po- lybius gives the name to the forces of Hannibal located in Gaul and Italy (iii, 61). The Sept. has in this way given it to a race that lived in a country which God had conferred in promise on the Hebrew people. The same name is for a like reason given to the population of Galilee (1 Mace, v, 15).
Philistia proper was a long and somewhat broad strip of land lying on the sea-coast, west of the hills of Ephraim and Judah, and stretching generally from Egypt to Phoenicia. The northern portion of this ter- ritory, from Joppa nearly as far as Ashkelon, was allotted to Dan; and the southern portion, from Ashkelon to the wilderness of Tih, and extending east to Beersheba, was assigned to Judah. In short, it comprised the southern coast and plain of Canaan, along the Mediter- ranean, hence called " the sea of the Philistines" (Exod. xxiii, 31), from Ekron to the border of Egypt; though