ami that of Christ, of which book Eusebius wrote a refu- tation : Eusebii Pamphili . I nimadct «i'i» s in Philostrati ill Apollonio Tganensi Commentaries ob institutam cum ilia ab HierocU Christi comparationem, adomatce, Lac- taniius t Divin. lnstit.v,8) also combats the same notion as absurd. Augustine I Epist. I | refers to Apollonius as a magician whom the heathens compared with Christ,
i See Til lemon t. //is/. </. $ I'ihjh n 1/ r.< I /mini ins. vol. ii. ami
Bayle's article Apollonius ■/■ Tgane.) The othi r works of Philostratus arc. /'//, Lives oftht Sophists, m two l ks ted. by BLayser, Heidelberg 1838):— /?<
PHILOTHEIA
143
PHILPOT
comments on the lives of some of the heroes of Homer, in the shape of a dialogue (ed. by Boissonade, Paris, 180G, 8vo) : — Icones, or descriptions of sixty-four paint- ings which were in a portico near Neapolis by the sea- shore (these descriptions contain valuable information concerning the state of ancient art) (ed. by F. Jacobs and F. G. Welcker, Leips. 1825, 8vo) -.—Epistles, mostly erotic, excepting a few on matters of literature; one, which is inscribed to Julia Augusta, is an apology for the Sophists. Philostratus wrote also many other works, such as a Lexicon Rhetoricum, orations, etc., but they are lost. Different editions of all the existing works of Philostratus have been published. Those by Morel- lius (Paris, 1G08) and Olearius (Leips. 1709, fol.) are good, but a better one, far more critical and correct, is that by Kayser (Zurich, 18-14, 4 to), with a valuable body of notes on each work. There are separate editions of the lives of the Sophists. See Neander, Christian Dog- mas, i, 192 sq. ; Baur, Apollonius v. Tyana u. Chi-istus (Tiib. 1832) ; Alzog, Kirchengesch. i, 149 ; Bitter, Hist, of Philos. ; Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. s. v. ; Butler, Hist, of Ancient Philosophy, vol. ii; Lardner, Works (see Index).
Philotheia (<pi\o$re!a, i. e. the love of GocT), is a term which was sometimes applied by ancient Christian writers to the monastic life, because those who embraced that life professed to renounce all for the love of God. Hence Theodoret entitles one of his books Philotheus (q.v.).
Philotheos Historia (<pi\aSEoe iaropia, God- loving histo>-y), the name given by Theodoret, the well- known commentator, bishop of Cyrus, to his lives of thirty ascetics or Eastern monks. "Their virtues," he confesses, "cannot be adequately described," and he re- lates the most astounding prodigies of them. The tract is in the third folio of Sirmond's edition of his works. See Philotheia.
Philotheus ($t\o^£Oc) (1), an Eastern prelate, nourished as patriarch of Alexandria about A.D. 995. He was a man of luxurious habits and a most scandal- ous course of life. Philotheus wrote four works, the titles of which, as translated from the Arabic, are, De- clarator:— Rara Commentatorum, et Depravationes Haz- reticorum : — Detectio A rcanorum : — A utobiographia. All of these works are lost, and it does not appear whether the author wrote in Arabic or in Greek. A sermon, De Mandatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi (ed. Greek and Latin by P. Possinus in his Ascetica), is as- cribed to one S. Pilotheus, perhaps the same person. See Cave, Hist. Litt. ad an. 995.— Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. s. v.
Philotheus (2) Coccixus, also an Eastern eccle- siastic, flourished as patriarch of Constantinople. He was probably born in the beginning of the 14th century, and early took the monastic habit. After living for a considerable time as a monk in, and afterwards as su- perior of, the convent of St. Laura on Mount Sinai, he was appointed archbishop of Heracleia (before 1354). In 1355 he was employed by the emperor John Canta- cuzenus in bringing about a reconciliation between Michael, the son, and John Pakeologus, the son-in-law of the emperor; and in the same year he was chosen patriarch of Constantinople, in the place of Callistus, who, however, recovered his see after John Palaeologus had taken possession of Constantinople. Callistus, how- ever, died soon afterwards, and now Philotheus was once more placed in the patriarchal chair, which post he occupied with great dignity till his death, which oc- curred in 1371, according to Cave, or in 137(5 according to the Chronologia reformata of J. B. Riccioli quoted by Fabricius. We append the titles of the most im- portant of the numerous works of Philotheus, very few of which have been published : Liturgia et Ordo insti- tuendi Diaconvm, printed in Latin in the 26th vol. of Bill. Pat. Max.: — Libri xv Antirrhetici, a defence of his friend the celebrated Palama, extant in different li-
braries : — Sermo Encomiasticus in tres Hierarchas, Ba- silium, Gregorium Theologum,et Joannem Chrysostomum, Latin, in the 26th vol. of Bibl. Pat. Max., Gr. and Lat. by Jac. Pontanus, together with Philippi Solitarii Di- optra (Ingolstadt, 1G04, 8vo) ; by Fronto Ducams, in the 2d vol. of .4 uctuar. Patr. (Paris, 1G24) : — Oratio de Cruce, Gr. and Lat. apud Gretser. De Cruce (Ingolstadt, 1616, fol. vol. ii) ; there is another Oratio de Cruce, in the same volume, which is attributed by some to our Phi- lotheus:— Oratio in tertiam J e junior um Dominican), Gr. and Lat. (ibid.) : — Refuiatio A nathematismorum abHar- menopulo scriptorum. Gr. and Lat. apud Leunclav. Jus. Gr. Rom. lib. iv : — Confutatio Capitum xiv Acindymi et Barlaami, extant in MS.: — Homilia: — Compendium de (Economia Christi, etc. Wharton, in Cave, and Fa- bricius give a catalogue of the numerous works of Phi- lotheus. See Fabricius, Bibl. Graze, xi, 513, etc. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad an. 1362. — Smith, Diet. Gr. and Rom. Biog. s. v. ; Neale, Hist, of the East. Ch. (Patriarchate of Con- stantinople).