Philotheus (3) Monachus or Sanctus, an un- known monk, wrote De Mandatis Domini nostri Jesu Christi, ed. Gr. and Lat. in P. Possinus's Ascetica (Paris, 1684). Although this work bears the same title as the one quoted above under the head Philotheus No. 1, the works are apparently by different authors. See Fabricius, Bibl. Graze, xi, 519; Cave, Hist. Lift. Dissert.
i, p. 17, ed. Oxon Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog.
s. v.
Philotheus (4), archbishop of Selymbria, of un- known age, wrote Oratio in T. Agothonicum, which is still extant in MS.
Philoxenian Version. See Syriac Versions.
Philoxenus of Bagdad, an Eastern prelate of some distinction as an author, also known as Lazarus Bar-Sapta, flourished in the early part of the 9th cen- tury as bishop of Bagdad. This episcopate was founded in 762, but Philoxenus is the first incumbent of whom we have any notice. His character seems to have been a questionable one, for in the year 829 he was deposed, on which he appealed to Alaumeon, the caliph, by whom the sentence was confirmed. Philoxenus is the author of a Syro-Jacobite liturgy, which is in nowise remarka- ble. See Neale, Hist, of the East. Ch. (Introd.), i, 329.
Philoxenus of Mabug or Hierapolis, an East- ern prelate of some note, flourished in the second half of the 5th century. He was a devoted Jacobite, and for his zeal in the propagation of their doctrines is reck- oned among the saints of that branch of the Syrian Church. He was bishop of Mabug, to which see he was consecrated by Peter the Fuller, after A.D. 485, though he is said not to have been baptized. He is the author of two Jacobite liturgies, of which only one is authenticated. The other is, according to Neale, "a sadly inflated specimen of mediaeval taste in the East." He is also noted as the translator of certain portions of the sacred Scriptures into Syrian, and as the supervisor of a general and complete version. Besides, he was the head of the Monophysites about 500, when they fought with Nestorianism at the Council of Chalcedon. See Neale, Hist, of the East. Ch. (Introd.), i, 333; Assemani, Bibl. Orient, ii, 10; Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, ii, 928 ; Renaudot, Lit. Orient, ii, 300 ; Petavius, De theol. dogmat. lib. i, cap. xviii; Walch, Gesch. der Ketzereien, vi, 955 sq. ; vii, 10 sq. ; Dorner, Enticickelungsgeseh. etc., ii, 23-46, 152, 168. (J. H. W.)
Philpot, John, an English divine of the Refor- mation period, noted for his learning and his devotion to the Protestant cause, for which he paid his life, was born near Winchester about the close of the 15th century. He was educated at New College, Oxford, which he entered in 1534, and of which he finally became a fellow. After leaving Oxford he travelled through Italy, where, on account of his religion, he was brought into danger. On returning to England he re-
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eared the preferment of the archdeaconry of Winches- ter. During the time of Edward hi> labors were abun- dant ami successful. He was well furnished both by nature ami grace for his calling, and he devoted him- Belf with an uncompromising zeal to the advancement, of pure and undefined religion. After the accession of .Mary. Philpol distinguished himself by his bold stand for the Protestanl cause. In a convocation of bishops and dignitaries, held for the purpose of changing the established religion from Protestantism to popery, the learned archdeacon, and a few others, bore a noble tes- timony against the design. For his exertions, notwith- standing the promised freedom of debate, he was called before the bishop of Winchester (Stephen Gardiner), and was by his order imprisoned a year and a half. He was then senl to bishop Bonner, and other commission- ers, who confined him in the bishop's coal-house. He here met with every insult: was once confined from morning lill night in the stocks; was examined some fifteen or sixteen times: and. though he firmly and unanswerably defended his cause, was met only with taunts and abusive epithets. Fel in all this persecu- tion the consolations of the Holy Spirit were abun- dantly administered to him; insomuch that on one oc- casion Bonner said to him, "1 marvel that you are so merry in prison, singing in your naughtiness," etc. Philpot, proving a most uncompromising devotee to the new religion, and a mosl ingenious exponent of the law of the land, was regarded by the Papists as a dangerous man to be abroad, and he was therefore condemned as a heretic. After his condemnation he suffered many in- dignities in Newgate. Bui he was soon brought to the stake. He kissed the wood, and said, "Shall 1 disdain to sutler at this stake, when my Lord and Saviour re- fused not to sutler a most vile death on the cross for me?" When he was bound to it, he repeated the L06th, 107th, and L08th Psalms, and prayed most fervently; till at length, in the midst of the flames, with great meekness and joy, he gave up his spirit to God. This occurred at Smithfield, Dec. 18, 1555. For both learning and piety he was esteemed as only next to Ridley among the English Reformers. They had sound and clear views of thai Gospel which thej sealed with their blood. Philpot's writings have been collected and published under the title, Examinations and Writings, edited for the Parker Society by the Rev. R. Eden (Camb. 1842, 8vo). They contain besides a Biographical Notice of J'/ii/jn>t ; Notices of the Bishops and other Clergy, etc.. who examined Philpot in 1555; tin Process and History of .Mash r John Philpot, examim d, condt mm </. and mar- tyred} Disputation in the Convocation House, October, 1553; Letters; Apology far Spitting upon an Arian; Defena ofth Trut and Old Authority of Christ's Church, by Coelius Secundus Curio, translated by John Philpot. See also Richmond's Fathers, i\. 335; British Reform- ers, vol. iii; Fox, Acts awl Monuments, anno 1555; Strype, Memorials, and his Cranmer; Fuller, Al></ Re- divivus; Wood, Uhena Oxon.; Bickersteth, Christian Student, y. 328; Middleton, Evangel. Biogr. i, 428 sq.; Burnet, Hist, of the. English Ref; Soames, //i.-i. ■>/' //,, Ref; Hardwick, Hist.ofthe Ref p. 216; Froude. Hist, of England (see Index in vol. viii); Hook. EccU s. Biog. viii, 71. (J.H.W.)