the consecrated elements in the eucharist as downright idol worshippers. According to this author, the Pi- cards are Vaudois, who tied from persecution in their own country and sought refuge in Bohemia. I bre held the same opinion, on the -round that the
Vaudois were settled in Bohemia in tin- year 1178, where some of them adopted the rites of the Greek, and others those of the Latin Church. The former were pretty generally adhered to till the middle of the 11th century, when the establishment of the Latin rites caused great disturbance. At i he commencement of the national troubles in Bohemia, on account of the op- position of the papal power, the Picards more publicly avowed and defended their religious opinions: and they formed a considerable body in an island by the river Launitz. or Lausnecz, in the district of Bechin, and, re- sorting to ami-, were defeated by Zisca. Si e 1 lard- wick. Hist, oftfu .1/. .1. Church, p. 136; !:•/. p. 96; Mosheiin. Church Hist. vol. ii; and the references under Adamites. (J. H.W.)
Picart, Bernard, a famous French engraver, was born at Paris in lt',7.".. He was the pupil of Le Clerc His best works are those executed in France. Hav- ing embraced the Reformed religion, he took up his residence in Holland. In Amsterdam, to which place he accompanied bis father in 1710, he worked ex- clusively for the booksellers, and became mannered, metallic and merely ornamental. A great many of his prints are from his own designs, in which he imitated the stj le of composition ol Antoine ( loypel. lie had a facility in imitating the styles of oilier earlier engrav- ers, .and he published many prints of this class which arc said to have deceived colli clois: Picart used to call them Impostures innocent es, and they were published under this title, to the number of seventy-eight, with a
li-t of bis works (Amsterdam, 1738), after hi- death. His prints altogether amount to about 1300, an tic best of them is a Slaughter ofth i
a design of his own: there are various impressions of it. lie died in 17.;;'.. The French text which Picart's
copper-plate- were intended to illustrate was written by
.LP. Bernard and Bruzen de la Afartiniere. The first
and best edition of the work in the original French is that of 1728 37; to which should In added Supplement i 171:;, .' vols.), ami Superstitions, Anciennes ei Modernes
PICART
1S3
PICCOLOMINI
(1733-36, 2 vols.). Picart is the author of a work on The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of the several Nations of the known World, represented in more than a hundred copper-plates, which he designed, and accom- panied with historical explanations and several curious dissertations (Loud. 1731-39, 7 vols. fol.). See Duples- sis, Hist, de la Gravure en France; Haag Freres, La France Protestante, s. v.; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliogr. s. v. ; English Cyclop, s. v.
Picart, Etienne, called Le Romain, father of the preceding, also a celebrated French engraver, was born at Paris in 1031. His prints, chiefly portraits and his- tory, are very numerous : they are finely executed, but want harmony. He worked with the graver and the etching-needle, much in the style of Poilly. He is sup- posed to have been called Le Romain from his long so- journ in Rome, or he assumed the name that he might not be confounded with another engraver of the name of Picart. lie was engraver to the king, and a member of the French Academy of Painting, etc. He left his country because he was persecuted for his religious be- lief, and died at Amsterdam in 1721. He engraved many sacred subjects of the great masters, among them the Birth of the Virgin, after Guido; the Marriage of St. Catharine, after Correggio ; the Holy Family, after Pal- ma, etc.
Piccadori, Jkan B.\rriSTE, an Italian ascetic of some note, was born at Rieti in 1706. He entered the congregation of the regular Minorites, and professed phi- losophy and theology. In 1791 he obtained the profes- sorship of morals, and kept it while he lived. He was at the same time curate of the parish of Saint-Vincent-et- Saint-Anastase, consultor of the Index, etc. In Septem- ber, 1826, Leo XI appointed him superior-general of his order, in which he had occupied different minor charges. Piccadori published Institutions ethique,ou de la Philoso- phic morale, and was prevented by death from finishing Institutions du Droit des Gens. He died at Rome Dec. 29, 1829.— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, xl, 55.
Picclliani, Francesco (also called Picchetti), an Italian architect, was born at Ferrara in the latter part of the 17th century. He was the son, and probably the pupil, of Bartolome'o Picchiani, who erected the church del Monte della Misericordia at Naples. Francesco settled in that city, where he gained a high reputation for his talents. He was employed by the viceroy Don Pedro Arragona to assist in the construction of a basin for the royal galleys, and other vessels. He also con- structed the beautiful avenue leading from the basin to the piazza of the palace, adorning it with elegant foun- tains. Among his other works were the church and monastery of S. Giovanni della Monache, without the Porta Alba; S. Agostino; La Divino Amore; the church and monastery de" Miracoli ; and the Monte de' Poveri, in the Strada di Toledo. He died in 1690. See Spoon- er, Biog. His*, of the Fine A rts, ii, 692.