within the holy circuit. If the former, he can find no place so fitting as the top of the D^iX, or porch of the Temple ; but if the latter, the royal porch or gallery (orod fiaatXtKi'i) is the part he would prefer. He adds that, above all other parts of the Temple, the porch thereof, and indeed the whole pronaos, might not unfitly be called to ttTtpvyiov tov hpov, the icing (for that is the literal meaning) of the Temple, "because like wings it extended itself in breadth on each side, far beyond the breadth of the Temple." If therefore the devil had placed Christ on the very precipice of this part of the Temple, lie may well be said to have placed him " upon the wing of the Temple; both because this part was like a wing to the Temple itself, and because that precipice was the wing of this part" (Hot: Hebr. ad Matt, iv, 5). Against this interpretation, however, it seems decisive that Jesus, not being a priest, could not have gained admittance to the Temple proper; unless, indeed, we understand that he was transported thither and back again miraculously. With regard to the other alternative, it is only necessary to cite the description of Josephus to show that the situ- ation was at least not inappropriate to Satan's object: "On the south part (of the court of the Gentiles) was GTod fiaoiXiK)), ' the royal gallery,' that may be men- tioned among the most magnificent things under the sun; for above the profoundest depth of the valley, Herod constructed a gallery of a vast height, from the top of which, if any one looked down, he would become dizzy, his eyes being unable to reach so vast a depth." — Kitto. The same Greek word is used in the Sept. ver- sion to render, 1. 5)23, handph, a wing or border, e. g. of a garment (Numb, xv, 38 ; 1 Sam. xv, 27 ; xxiv, 4) ; 2. "ln330, senappir, the fin of a fish (Lev. xi, 9. So Arist. Anim. i, 5, 14); 3. i"l^£, hatsdh, an edge; A. V. end (Exod. xxviii, 26). Hesychius explains -Tipuyiov as dicpMTiipiov. Perhaps in any case to itTtpvyiov means the battlement ordered by law to be added to every roof. It is in favor of this that the word handph is used to indicate the top of the Temple (Dan. ix. 27 ; Hammond, Grotius, Calmet, De Wette, Lightfoot. Hor. Hebr. ad Matt. iv). Eusebius tells us that it was from "the pinnacle" (to linpvyiov) that St. James was pre- cipitated, and it is said to have remained until the 4th century (Euseb. Hist. Eccles. ii, 23 ; Williams, Holy City, ii, 338).— Smith. See Tejiple.
PINNACLE is an architectural term used to desig- nate a small turret or tall orna- ment, usually tapering towards the top, and much used in Gothic architecture as a termination to buttresses, etc. Pinnacles are not used in the Norman style, though there exist a few small turrets, of late date, with point- ed terminations, which appear to be their prototypes, as at the w^est end of Rochester Cathedral, and the north transept of the church of St. Stephen at Caen.
In the Early English style they are not very abundant ; they are found circular, octagonal, or square ; some are perfectly plain, as at the east end of Battle Church, Sussex : others are sur- rounded with small shafts, as at Peterborough and Wells; and in some instances the tops are crocketed. Towards the latter part of this style the system of surmounting each face of the shaft with a small pedi- ment was introduced, and about the same period the shafts be- gan to be occasionally made of Battle Church, cir. 1250.
PIN OX
21 *
I'lXSKER
-
Lincoln.
open-work, so as to form niches for statues.
Decorated pinnacles are very nu- merous; they have the shafts some- times formed into niches, and som< times panelled or quite plain, and each ol the sides almost invaria- bly terminates in a pediment ; the tops 1 1. rally crock- eted, and always have linials on the points : in !'.>nn they are mosl usually square, but are sometimt • • onal, and in a f( w instances hexagonal ami pentagonal; oc- casion ally, in this -i\ le, square pinna- cles arc placed diagonally.
In the J'< rpendicular style they do not in general differ much from those oi the I teeorated ; polygonal forms are not very frequently found, and square PeterhoroiiLrli <'a- pinnacles arc verv much ot tenet placed ttedral, A.D.1238. diagonal^ on buttresses, etc. ; they are also in rich buildings abundantly used mi the offsets of buttresses, as well as at the tops: instead of the small pediments over (he sides of the shaft, it is sometimes finished with a complete moulded cornice or capping, out of which the top of the pinnacle rises, and some- ; lie place of a top of this kind the figure of an animal holding a vane, or -nun1 other device, is used: there are a few examples of pinnacles in this style with tped tops. In the fine Perpendicular towers the pinnacles are often the most striking feature. Exam- ples are seen on Rterton and Magdalen towers in Ox- ford, and many of the towers in Somersetshire. — Parker, Glossary of . 1 rckitt dun . s. v.