PLANT
269
PLANTAVITIUS
11. Garlic is the Hebrew CVi1, shum (Numb, xi, 5). See Garlic.
12. Gourd. See Cucumber; Gourd.
13. Grape is the rendering of several Hebrew words ; some of them distinguishing particular kinds or qual- ities : (a) beiishim. D^y N2 (Isa. v, 2, 4), wild grapes, i. e. bad grapes. Aquila has oairpiai, Symm. drEXrj. (6) Bo'ser, 163 (Isa. xviii, 5; Jer. xxxi, 24, 30; Ezek. xviii, 2), sour or unripe grapes ; Sept. 6/.i<pa%. (c) Chart- sdn, ~)%"}T\, sour grapes, kernels (Numb. vi, 4), and of the Greek tj-a(pv\t), bunch of grapes (Matt, vii, 16; Luke vi, 44 ; Rev. xiv, 18). See Grape.
14. Leek (in Numb, xi, 5) renders T'SJl, chatsir', which elsewhere is translated grass, i. e. greens. See Grass; Leeks.
15. Lentil renders Heb. adash', '£"}? (Gen. xxv, 34; 2 Sam. xvii, 28 ; xxiii, 11 ; Ezek. iv, 9). See Lentil.
16. Mallows is for the Heb. malluach, TO2"?, proper- ly sea purslain (Job xxx, 4). See Mallows.
17. Mandrake is the Heb. dudaim, B^SO^I, love-ap- ples (Gen. xxx, 14; Cant, vii, 13). See Mandrake.
18. Manna, Heb. man, "~0, a sweet resin distilling from the leaves of tamarisk trees, of several species, especially the tamarix Gidlica mannifera, from punc- tures made by an insect, the coccus manniparus. See Manna.
19. Melon is found in Numb, xi, 5 as the rendering of the Hebrew abattichim', B^rPISSX. See Melon.
20. Millet (in Ezek. iv, 9) represents the Hebrew do- chdn, "fn ; it is the holchus dochna (Linn.). See Mil- let.
21. Mint (in Matt, xxiii. 23: Luke xi, 42) is the Greek ffSuoafiov, i. e. sweet-scented ; the mentha chides of Linn. See Mint.
22. Mustard (in Matt, xiii, 31; xvii, 20; Mark iv. 31; Luke xiii, 19; xvii, 6) is the Greek aivairi; the sinapis orientalis. See Mustard.
23. Olive universally is given in the A. Y. where the Hebrew za'yith, !"PT, is used. In 1 Kings vi, 23 the word olive-tree renders the Heb. ets-shemen, "|ftS3 'J.V, lit. the tree of fatness. The same expression is rendered oil- tree (Isa. iv, 19) andpine (Neh. viii, 1.3). See Olive.
24. Onion is in Heb. be'tsel, ^22, as Numb, xi, 5. See Onion.
25. Parched-corn is the Heb. kali, ^?£ or N"^£ ; it is wheat or barley roasted in the ear and then rubbed out; perhaps occasionally some kind of pulse (1 Sam. xvii, 17). See Parched-corn.
26. Pistachio-nuts, in Heb. botnim', C5^2 (Gen. xliii, 1 1), a kind of nut of oblong shape, and taking this name from beten, " -2, ^te belly, in allusion to their form. See Nuts.
27. Pomegranate renders the Heb. rimmdn, "J1^3"i, in many passages. See Pomegranate.
28. Purslain is the Heb. challamuth '. T ""'rn. accord- ing to the Syriac. Our version has egg (Job vi, 6), "white of cm egg," which is certainly wrong. See Gesen. Thesaur. s. v., and Purslain.
29. Raisins, bunches of (I Sam. xxv, 18; xxx, 12; 2 Sam. xvi, 1 ; 1 Chron. xii, 40), translates the Heb. tsim- muk, pillSS. See Raisins.
30. Rye (in Exod. ix, 32 ; Isa. xxviii, 25) translates the Heb. kussemeth, r^02, which means a smooth grain, spelt. See No. 10, above, and Rye.
31. Vine, Heb. sorek, p~}'£J, or sorekdh, !"!p1«, is a peculiar kind of grape-vine. Thus, choice vine (Gen. xlix, 11); choicest vine (Isa. v, 2); noble vine (Jer. ii, 21. See Vine.
32. Wheat in general is the Heb, chittdh, f'sTl, of which the plural in Chaldee is chintim', CBiFl, as Ezra vi, 9; vii, 22; and in the New Test, is (nroc, a general name for grain, which is also rendered li corn" (Mark iv, 28-; Acts vii, 12).
II. Among floivering plants we notice the following:
1. Lily is the Heb. shushan', "jCHia (1 Kings vii, 19),' and shoshan, ydVj (Cant, ii, 1G; iv, 5; v, 13; vi, 2,3; vii, 3 ; 1 Kings vii, 22, 20). The word means a musical instrument shaped like a lily, as Psa. Ix, 1 ; lxix, 1. Also Heb. shoshanndh, nSCJIlZ), but only in the first sense, as 2 Chron. iv, 5 ; Cant, ii, 1,2; Hos. xiv, 6. See Lily; Musical Instruments.
2. Myrtle (in Neh. viii, 15; Isa. xli, 19; lv, 13; Zech. i, 8, 10, 11) represents the Heb. hadds, Dltt. Sec Myr- tle.
3. Rose, Heb. chabatstseleth, WttlT, is properly the meadow saffron (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Cant, ii, 1 ; Isa. xxxv, 1). See Rose.
4. Saffron, Heb. karkdin, 22"i2 ; Sept. npunoc. (Cant, iv, 14), may refer to both kinds of saffron, the common and the Indian. See Saffron.
5. Sedge, Heb. achu', fflX, rendered meadow in Gen. xli, 2, 18, flag in Job viii, 11, is an Egyptian word, ap- plied to all kinds of grassy growth in marshes. See Reed.
6. Tare is the Greek Zgaviov, properly darnel (Matt, xiii, 25 sq.). See Tare.
7. Thorn is the translation of many Hebrew words, for the meanings of which see Thorn.
III. Of medicinal plants w.e name the following:
1. Balm, "balm of G 'He ad" Heb. tsori', "HS, opobal- samum (Gen. xliii, 11 ; xxxvii, 25; Jer. viii, 22; xlvi, 11; li, 8 ; Ezek. xxvii, 17). See Balm.
2. Camphire, Heb. kdpher, 122, rendered pitch (Gen. vi, 14) : in Cant, i, 14; iv, 13, refers to the el-henna of the Arabs, a shrub with fragrant white flowers. See Camphire; Pitch.