25
AMERICA.
Indians: Canada—
Presbyterian Church of Canada 1
" United States —
Presbyterian Church (U. S.) 11
Southern Presbyterian Church 7
Chinese: California —
Presbyterian church (U.S.) 2
United Presb. Ch. " 1
Among Roman Ca1 t.ios :
Mexico Presbyterian Church (U. S.) 5
Southern Presbyterian Church 1
Brazil.Chili, (Presbyterian Church (U. S.) 15
Colombia, (Southern Presbyterian Chnrch 4
Canada Presbyterian Cliurch —
Jamaica United Presbyterian Ch. ofScotland. . 14
Teinidam " " " •• 2
Presbyterian Church of Canada 3
N. Amebic \ . . . .Moravian Church 4
West [n»u s wro Scrin wi :
Moravian Church 79
POLYNESIA AND AUSTRALIA.
New Heuridi B.Free Chnrch ofScotland 3
Presb. Ch. of Canada 4
" " (Victoria) 2
" " (OtagO and Southland) 1
" " (New Zealand) 1
Tahiti Societe des Missions Ivan 4
Australia {Aborigines ;
Presbyterian Chnrch (Victoria) 1
Semi- !'/■ sbytt elan t 'hurches Australia [Aborigines) :
Moravian Church 3
EUROPE.
Among Romas Catholic*:
Inland Irish Presbyterian Church
..United Presbyterian Ch. ol -
Spanish Evangel. Society, etc
Brit-
Welsh Presbyterian church
Various Evangelical Soc. of Franc
which n from Britit
md individual members.
Soclete fivan. de Belgiqne
/ ....The Wnlriensinn church
Free Italian Church
Southern Presbyterian Chun Qrbj b Christians "
Spain.
France,
Relnium .
30
. . 9 1
PRESBYTERIUM
553
PRESBYTERIUM
Jews Missions to the Jews are carried on by
Established Church of Scotland, Free Church of Scotland, Reformed Pres- bvterian Church, Irish Presbyterian Church, English Presbyterian Church.
Preshyterium. (1.) A name sometimes given to the bema, or inner portion of an ancient church, because it was the place in which the presbyters sat and dis- charged their functions. See Chancel. (2.) The name also of the senate formed by the presbyters and deacons of the episcopal residence, with whom the bish- op deliberated about the most important affairs of his diocese. Although the government of the Church was claimed by the episcopate, as inherited from the apos- tolate, yet the spirit of community, Koiviovia, which prevailed in the Church required that the bishop, when important business was to be transacted, should take the advice of the presbyters and deacons. The limits of the respective attributes, however distinctly they might be traced, were neglected where the common care of the interests of the Church made it desirable, and the superiority of the episcopal dignity stood the less in the way, as even the apostles, in their humility, had called themselves presbyters (1 Pet. v, 1, 6 ffvfi- irpsajioTipoQ ; 2 John 1 ; 3 John 1, 6 irptaSiiTEpog). Irena?us gives the name of presbyters not only to the disciples of the apostles (Papias, in Eusebius, Hist. Eccles, iii, 39, even the apostles), but also to the bish- ops of his time (Iren. Ep. ad Florin, ap. Euseb. v, 20) : tcivtci to. Soyfiara oi Trpb rjfxwv TrptafivTEpoi, oi Kai 'A-jroarbXoig ovj.i<poiTi)<Tai>TEg, ov TrapiSooKav aoi (no/\i'.'cao7roc) o paKcipiog Kai cnroaToXtKog irptolSii- TEpoc. Id. Ep. ad Victor, ep. Rom. (ap. Euseb. v, 24) : Oi 7T|Oo 'Storiipog TTpsujivTEpoi, oi irpoirravreg t7)Q iic- K\i]<jict£ ffQ viiv atprjyri 'AvtKrjTOV XiyopEV Kai llioi', "Yyivbv te icai TtXt-tTtpopov Kai Euotov. According to the literal meaning of presbyter, it applies to men rather advanced in years. The languages of all nations show us that the members of such assemblies were chosen from among persons of a certain age. (Xenophon [Cy- ropced. 1, c. 2] speaks of oi yspairepoi ovrsg te Kai Ka- Xovptvoi. Livy [xxxiv, 49] says of the Carthagin- ians, "Seniores ita senatum vocabant." The Greeks had yepovjia, nvvkSpiov iv 'Spvpva, yEpbvrtxJV ; the Romans had their senatus; the Germans their alder- men. AVe find this counsellorship of the elders in the Greek translation of the Old Testament: [Dent, xi, 1G] Sept. irptdjiuTtpoi rou Xaov Kai ypappciTug ; [ Jer. xix, 1] anb Trptaj3vripi»v tov Xaov Kai cnrb Trptajlv- r'ipwv tmv 'lEpiiov ; [Ezek. viii, 11] ifiSopijKovra ik twv Trptir^vTiptoi' oikov 'lapaijX ; [1 Kings xii, 6, 8] rt)v jSovXi\v tlov TrpECTJivTspiov ; [xx, 8] ot irpEuftiiTE- poi Kai irac b Xabg.) The Jewish synedrium was also taken as a model (avvicpiov, i. e. college of judges, Sanhedrin) ; and it is expressly stated that the presby- terium is a copy of the "synedrium" of the apostles (st'c Toirov (jvvtfipiov tmv airoffToXajv). St. Ignatius (110), who, more than any other writer, insists upon the distinct i >n between the episcopate and presbyter- ate, and the superiority of the former, points out most decidedly the connection of the preshyterium, as an episcopal council, with the episcopate. Wc read in the Ep. ad Smyrn. c. 8 : Ucivteq Tip tiri<fKoir<<) AkoXov^eIte il>g 'Iijaovg Xpurrbg Tip iraTpi Kai Tip -nrpEnjivTEpiiij wc rote aTrooroAoic. Tovg Si Siaubvovg ivrpeTTtaSe wg Qeov ivroX)))'. Ad Magnes. c. 2: virordo-atTai (6 ciaxovog) Tip iwioKbTZip tog XapiTi Qeov Kai Tip Trptn- jivTEpiiij iog v6p.ii) 'Ij/erofi Xp'urrov. Ad Philad. c. 4: Ilia yap o~ap$ too kvoiov — Kai iv irorrjpiov tig 'ii>w- mv too a'iparog avrov, iv Svoiaarifpiov, wg tig iiri- (tK07rog iifia rtp Trpt<yj3vTEpii-p Kai Btaicovoig. Ibid. c. 8: Ilamv uetuvoovitiv cifpui 6 Kvpiog, iav fiETavoi]- eriooiv E!g ivoTi]Ta Geov Kai ovvsfipiov tov tTriaKinvov. In all these passages we rind the name TrpEafivrepiov ; in other passages the fatber uses TrpEafivTEpoi, although he means the presbyters united in a college, and not the same as individuals (Ep. ad Polycarp. c. 6) : Tatv VTroTajaopiviDV Tip iiriuKbiro), TrpEOjivTtpoig, SiaKo-