over the other members of chapters. They
.iolel talari inn. with the maul let of the same
color. Iii ile performance of Church functions they are permitted i he ring, but without jewel. Wetzer u.Welte, KirchenrLexikon, s. v.
PROTOTYPE
Protopapas i- the archpriesl in the Creek Church who siaii 1- on the left hand of t he patriarch (q. v.). Hi- dignity i- entirely ecclesiastical: he administers the holy sacrament to the patriarch at all high and sol- emn masses, and receives it from him. He is the head ecclesiastical dignitary, not only with respect to hi.- pe-
culiar privileges, but to his right and title to prece- dence. Gardner, Faiths of tk World, b. v.
Protopresbyter | rpwroc itpe(>£, usually called protopopi I is in the Russo-Greek Church an interme- _i e between the bishop and the simple priests. The situation and functions of the protopresbyter are essentially the same as those of the former archpriests of the episcopal cathedral-, and of the deans in the country. Each cathedral ha- ii- protopresbyter, but the -a me dignity exists in oilier important churches of large cities where several popes are employed. This till" belongs also to such popes of tie- first rank as some rights oi -up, r\ ision and administration over several surrounding parishes; for every diocese or eparchy in Russia i- divided into several protopopates (as in the Roman Catholic Church into deaneries). This class of dignitaries forms, in litigious and disci- plinary matters of ecclesiastical resort, the first in- stance in the diocese. In important cities the proto- popes are generally employed as counsellors, assessors, or secretaries in the episcopal consistories or other ec- clesiastical colleges. The distinguishing garment of the protopopes is the so-called epigonaticon. The pro- topresbyterate i- the most influential of the lower cleri- cal functions, and the highest degree open to a secular ecclesiastic; for in the Greek Church the episcopate, and the still higher dignities, can only be occupied by unmarried priests, or such as an' separated from their wives by death or voluntary renunciation, and who be- long to the monastical order, mostlj archimandrites (abbots) and hegemoiu (priors). Wetz c u. Welte, Kircht a- /.i .rili i a, s. v.
Protcpsaltes is the chit f singer or mash r of the choir in Greek churches.
Protosyncellus is the vicar or assistant of a Greek patriarch, who generally resides along with him in his palace.
Piotothronus is. in the Greek Church, the name of the lir-t bishop of an ecclesiastical province; he holds the first rank after the patriarch or alter the metropoli- tan. At the death of either of these latter dignitaries, the protothronus assumes hi- jurisdiction until a suc- cessor is installed.
Prototype is a term used in theology to designate i he original type (q. v.) or form of anything, and espe- cially in the following dogma: The prototypal form in which Adam was created wa- the image ol God; in Christ that image is restored: and it is the hope of the t hristian that this form will he his also w hen he wakes up after < Sod's likeness and i- satisfied i Psa. xv. 17). It is a term, therefor.', thai has an anthropological, Chris- tological, and an eschatological character, as referring to Adam, to the Redeemer, and to the redeemed. Now, in what does that likeness consist ? Not surely in out- ward form, but in spiritual attributes, for God is Spirit. But those attributes pertain to the soul invested in body, which God has not; there fore the likeness of God must be restricted to such divine attributes as are r< flectt d in man independently of his material nature, such as a love for all that is good and holy, right, reason, and free-will, which constitute in him the "likeness and -lory" of God 1 1 ('or. xi. 7 : Bee Glow I, and exclusive of other attributes that serve only to mark the imperfection of the creature. When Irenieus. therefore (c. Fleer, v, 6), speaks ol the image of Cod as being sua naturd of a
bodily character, he may express correctly the philo- sophical notion of the Deity, and therefore of the Ah ine likeness, as derived from ancient school-, bul be hardly speaks with the authority of Catholic antiquity on a point which had a- yet received bul little consideration. our only safe guide is the apostle, who expresses him- self with Bufficicnl expHcitness. With him Christ is the very " image of God" (2 Cor. iv, 4), " in the form of i iod" i Phil. ii. G I, and •• the express image of his Per- son," as well as •• the brightness of his glorj " (Hi b. i. B),
PROTRACTED MEETINGS 697
FROUDIION
" the image of the invisible God" (Col. i, 15). He is now to us as the prototypal form in which Adam was created full of grace and truth; and man's hope of having that form restored in him hereafter depends on the genuine- ness with which some few rays of that glory are reflect- ed in his soul now. So it has been decreed from ever- lasting that all who are called according to God's sancti- fying purpose should be "conformed to the image of his Son" (Rom. viii, 29) ; that " as we have borne the image of the earthy," we may also " bear the image of the heavenly" (ICor. xv, 49); that having his high ex- emplar before us, and "beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord," by a continually progressive, sanctifying I process, we "may be changed into the same image from I glory to glory as by the Spirit of the Lord" (2 Cor. iii, ! 18). It is of this "renewing in the spirit of our mind," j according to the prototypal likeness of Christ, that the apostle speaks when he exhorts his charge to " put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image" of the Creator (Col. iii, 10), and "after God | (m^-ir) is created in righteousness and in the holiness of truth" (Eph. iv, 24). According to Roman Catholic doctrine, original righteousness was not this prototypal ' likeness, but a superadded gift conferred alter the act of creation was complete. So the Trideutine Catechism says. "Quod ad animam pertinet, earn ad imaginem et , similitudinem suam formavit Deus, liberumque ei tri- buit arbitrium ; omnes praeterea motus animi atque appetitiones ita in eo temperavit, ut rationis imperio ' nunquam non parerent. Turn originalis just it he admi- rabile donum addidit," etc. (ed. Colon. 1565. p. G3). The council purposed, in the lirst instance, to express its meaning as "justitiam et sanctitatem in qua Adam conditus fuerat," but accepted the correction of Paceco, and wrote "constitutus fuerat" (Pallavicini, Hist. Cone. Trid. vii. 9).— Blunt, Diet, of Tlieol. s. v. For the teach- ing of the schools on this point, see Scholastic Theol- ogy; for the whimsical notions of Judaism, see Cabala.