PRUSSIA
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PRUSSIA
the work of confession, was selected for the diocese of Culm. The Dominican Ernest, from Torgau, a friend and companion of Heidenreich, who had, like him, worked many years for the expansion of Christianity, was select- ed to he it e fl"6t bishop of Pomesnuia, A brother-priest of the Tentonii O der, Henrj of Strateich, was a p point -
ifErmlund. The diocese of Su inland in 1265 - I -' bishop in the person of lieury of Stiitt- i. . -priest of the 'teutonic Order. His suc-
,-.—.,!.( :n>:i.,n \on M iihlliauseii, a man distingtiished by
is well as by his knowledge, and who was also a priest of the order, aid not arrive in Prussia until 1276. pter was established t'n-i at Bcbdnewik, uear sen, then in 1286) al Kouigsberg. The bishops, owing in various impediments, did not occupy theit sees ai once. Bishop Heidenreich of Culm (whether the two others did the same cannot be ascertained) repaired to the papal court, and was consecrated by (he pope him- self at Lyons, probably in the course of the year L245. J'.y this time the legate, \\ illiain of Modena, had arrived also at i he & mri of Koine, and was boou promoted lo ihe bish- opric of Sabina. It was u«i easy matter to rind a successor to a man who had played snch a prominent pari in the religious organization of the north — ill Prussia, Livonia, Conrland, and Bsthonia, and displayed so much zeal, in- telligence, and energy in most intricate affairs. The id-h- ops of Prussia needed, above all, a man who had insight and influence enough to draw positive limits between the
ind render final decisions in a number of con- cerns where no rules had as yel been agreed upon. In the year i'.'44, pope Innocent IV thought he had found snch* a man in the person of the administrator of the dio- cese of Lubeck, Bkbert— formerly archbishop of Armagh, in Ireland. The legate was at the same time appointed archbishop ofPmssia, l.ivonia, and Esthonia. That the new archbishop might have an income proportioned to
his dignity, the pope .- litted to him the bishopric of
Cbienisee, which had just become vacant, and enjoined the archbishop of Salzburg to deliver into the hands of the archbishop of Prussia the administration of said dio- cese. Towards the end of April, 1246, the pope sent him the nrclliepiscopal pallium, and allowed him. at his re- quest, to make use of H during his sojourn in Lussia and in the church of Liibeck ; but this righi was not to be ex tended to his successors. At the same lime Bkbert went to Kussia, to promote the fusion of the Russian and the Roman Catholic ('lunch: and pi pi' Innocent IV recom- mended him to reward the zeal of the knights by ap- pointing one of the priests of their order to one of the Prussian bishoprics. Bishop Heidenreich of Culm first took in hand the administration of hie diocese. The country had been devastated and neglected, was scantily populated, '11111 churches were rare and separated by large intervals. The bishop had to induce colonists to seme
in his diocese, and lie succeeded so well that after five or six years he could think of the establishment of a cathe- dral" church The cathedral was consecrated at Culm
in 1261, anil received the name of the Holy Trinity; at the same time a chapter was founded, under the rule of 8t Augustine, and so richly endowed that, as soon as the revenue of the lands could be collected, forty canons mi ai be held. Besides the churches, the number of which was continually increasing in cities and villages, the land of Culm bad already several monasteries; for instance, a Dominican monastery at Culm, and a Prancis-
"The history of the bishopric of I'ome-ania is little known in the iir-t years of its existence: we only know that bishop Kiiiest had taken possession of his see in 124T. In 1265 he chose for bis residence Mnrienwerder, ami there the cathedral was elected. The ftrst bishop of Ermland, Henry of Strateich, died in 1249 or 1250. His
successor was 1 ther priest of the Ten ionic Order, An-
selm, who had bad a considerable share in the work of Conversion and in the victories of the order. The divi- sion of the land was made in 1255: the bishop chose the middle part, in which the citv of Hi annshei g was situ- ated. Hi. hop An-elm displaced indefatigable activity in lh, discharge of his duties; took wise measures for the n of youth, for the erection of new cbnri he-, etc. The bishops of Prussia lived for a long time in verj dis- tressing circumstances, owing to the frequent wars ami to the disinclination of the neophytes to pay the dime. Not being aide to live on I he produce of their own lands,
they had to live abroad. The archbishop of Prussia con- sulted the pope in regard to these inconveniences, and
agreed that each <.r the tine.- bishops of Prussia
Could accept for his suh-isteiice all eccie-ia-l nal feud, if
it wen- transferred to him in a legal w ay : but he was to I \ i- long aslhe situation of the I'i u--:an t inn ch
made it desirable. The pope- displayed indefatigable