vigor in a-sisliug hv all means in forming the Church.
e xi .- coi.'tiu ua.lv heard exhorting p monks to r< pai to the new produce* and share in the work. I : - I ■ - eill IV addressed a bull to the
superiors of all mot ?iic orders, in which be urged them to help the sister churches of Prussia, Livonia, nnd Estho- nia, w here l ks were wanted, with their superabundant
wealth m this re-| en, or to have copies made tor them. Honoring III and [unocent HI had done much for the
improvement of the schools. Honoring, in a special bull, had invited Christian contributions for the purpose of es- tablishing boys' schools, in order to promote the work of conversion. The former legate, William of Modena, had greatly distinguished him-elf in these efforts: he had even learned the Prussian language, and translated Do-
natus for the Prussian bcI Is. The bishops also exerted
themselves strenuously for the establishment of public instruction. We find trace- of country schools In Erm- land as early as 1261. By an agreement between bishop A use! m and the order, the knights, in their own domains, we: e empowered to engage and to dismiss bi b lolmasters. We infer thai Bchools lor the education id' the young must also have existed in the most important cities, as Thorn, Culm. Marienwerder, Elbing, Brannsbi Kouigsberg. But we have no historical data on this point, and we may well admit that the protracted and savage warfare which made everything unstable in those countries during so many years did not allow any regu- lar development of public instruction. The work done in other countries by monastery school- was at ilia! time of
little importance iu Prussia, the order not being favorable to the establishment of monasteries. Much was done by monasteries in cities, hut their influence was shut tip in the town walls, and. besides, their number and their means of influence were insufficient. Yet in the second half of the l;;th century the necessity of providing the people with a Christian education was deeply felt. Mot only weie numerous churches built in the country, and pi ieste called, hut the cathedral chapters, as may be seen by the (iced of foundation of tin- l'oinesaiiian' chapter, were established for the express purpose that the Catho- lic faith should be more thoroughly taught. In conse- quence, only men of education and aid lilies were received into the chapters. Libraries were founded for the use of the in le-iastics in the chapters: bishops endeavored to increase by donations the number of books; the pope himself came to the rescue, as we have Been above. The archbishop of Pi tissia was, as we know, at the same time papal legate : in this capacity he had many a contest with the Teutonic Order, and in such case- both parties were apt to exceed the limits of their rights. While the arch- bishop violated acknowledged rights of the order, the or- der made violent inroads upon the privileges of the arch- bishop. The sad consequences of these hostile relations appeared in 1248, when the establishment of a solid eccle-
sia-tical ((institution in the recuperated c itries made
an active interference of the archbishop i e< essary. The three bishops of Prussia— Heidenreich of Culm, Ernest of Pomesania, and Henry id' Ermland together with the margrave Otto von Hrandenburg, interposed their media- tion in 1249, and promoted between the order and the legate mutual forgiveness for past wrongs and reconcilia- tion for the future. The archbishop promised to assist the order by his preaching, and by every other means, as
best he could, and to moke :om plaint, either at the
papal court or before any other judge, as to the rights and privileges in dispute; while the knights, in their turn, promised to molest him no more, and pay him all due re- siled and veneration. At the same time the order pledged itself to pay 300 marks in silver at fixed times to the arch- bishop, while the latter engaged never to establish his residem e in Prussia unless he had the express authoriza- tion therefor from the superior of the order. This con- vention w is concluded dan. in. 1249. Vet the trouble was only temporarily removed. A complete reconciliation could only be brought about by the interference of papal authority; and the pope- were jh-i then otherwise en- gaged. The schism iu the German empire was, as it were, repeated in the Teutonic Order: there was a double election. In such a lime of discord, obligations nnd prom- ise- are easily forgotten, or at least neglected; and it
sometimes becomes impossible, or at least difficult, to live up to one's engagements. The dispute began again between the order and archbishop Albeit. But, a- the
inner dissensions of the order gave additional gravity to exterior trouble., the land-master, Dietrich VOU Grunin- gen, repaired to the papal court, and there represented the great disadvantages with which the mi-sionaiv w..rk
would be attended if a good understanding could not be restored. Innocent summoned the hiiul-ina-er and Ihe
archbishop for the ensuing Easter. The archbishop ap- peared at the appointed time a! LyOUS, and Ihe pope sat- isfied himself that he had exceeded bis powers a- a leg- ale. In consequence, in September, 1250, the archbishop was forbidden to make an\ further use of in- powers as legate, or to make any episcopal appointments in the flll- ine. either in Prussia, Livonia, ot Est In nin. Bui his ar- chiepiscopal relation- to the ordei ueeded also positive regulation: the decision about these matters was given iii 1261. Tin- bishop- Peter of Albauo and William of Sabina (the f%>rmer legate) ami cardinal Giovanni di San Lorenzo were commissioned by the pope to make ar- rangements. Thej negotiated on the ground of the rec- ii prepared in 1249 by the bishops and margrave Otto. Tun- ihe dispute was al iiyed, Feb. 24, 1261, and bishop Bruno ofOlmiltz was requested by ihe pope to see to the faithful oh-ei va me of the articles agreed upon.