Pumbaditha (Nri""'£), a name celebrated in Jewish literature as the home of one of the great schools of Judaism, was located in Babylonia, and derived its name from its situation at the (puni) month of the Bei- ditha, a canal between the Tigris and Euphrates. Its academy, except only that of Sura (q. v.), was the most enduring and influential of all the Rabbinic institutions in Babylonia. Founded towards the end of the 3d cen- tury by l;. Jehudah ben-Jecheskel, one of the most dis- tinguished disciples of Abba Areka, also called Kali (ip v.Kit flourished until towards the beginning of the 11th century, thus moulding, shaping, and influencing the life and literature of the Jews. .Many of the rector-. of this academy acquired a great renown for their Rab- binic lore, some of whom have already been mentioned in this Cyclopaedia, or will be treated in the succeeding volumes. The following list, giving the names of the famous teachers at that academy, prepared after a care- ful and diligent perusal of the best authorities, we hope will aid the student of Jewish literature, since it is not easy to bring the membra disjecta into a chronological order out of the rmli.i iwlii/tstaque moles of the. different sources: A p#
1. I?. Jehudah ben-Jecheskel 297 299
2. ( lhasda of Kafri 299-309
:;. Kabba ben-Nachman 309 330
4. Joseph ben-Chija, the Blind (.p v.) 330-333
5. Abnji ben-Cajlil 333 338
6. Rabba bar-Joeeph bar-Chama :cs :::._'
7. Machinal! hen-Isaac 3.V_> :i.Mi
8. Chama ofNahardea 356 ::T7
9. /chid ben-Ushaja 377-385
10. Dimi ben-Chinena 3s.r> :;ss
1 1 . Rafrem ben-Papa 388-400
1.'. K. Kahana 400 ill
13. Mar Sutra -Ill III
ii. Acha ben-Bahba in U9
1.'.. <; .1. ilia of lie-Katil 419 133
10. Rafrem II 433 US
17. Rachumni, or Nachnmni 443 160
18. Sam;, ben-Rabba 466 171
19. R, Jose 471 520
At this time the final redaction of the Babylonian Tal- mud (q. \.i wat made. and. according to Jewish tradi- tion, to I;. Jose, who forms the end of the Araoraim ( Soph Haraah),lhe honor i> assigned of" completing to write and oi Bealing the < lemara of Bab) Ion, in the twen- ty-fourth year of his rectoral and magisterial dignity.
739- 701
ret- T64
764 T71 771- 773
773- 782
in the year from the creation 4260, and 311 years from the sealing of the Miahna." Alter the death of R Jose, the chronological chain is interrupted, and, with the exception of a few names which have come down to us, it is difficult to say who filled the space up to the year 670, for the probability is that, in the vicissitudes and persecutions of those times, the names of those famous teachers have been forgotten. With Mar Rabba, who belonged to the so-called Gaonastic period, the chrono- logical order can again be followed down to the last of the heads of the academy ol Pumbaditha, whose death sealed the closing of that famous academy forever. The following are the names: circa a.t>.
1. Mar Rabba 670 630
2. .Mar l!u>sai, or Postanal 680- 689
3. Hnnal Man ben-Joseph CS9- 700
4. R. Cbija of Mesene 700- 710
6. Mar-Rabjah 710- 719
6. Natronai ben-Nehemia, surnamed Mar
Janka 719- 730
7. Mar Jehndah 730- 739
8. Mar Joseph ben-Chutanai )
9. Samuel heii-Mari
10. Mar Natroi Kahana ben-Emunn . . .
11. Abraham Kahana
12. R. Dadai ben-Nachman
13. Chananja bcn-Mcsharshaja
14. Malkaben-Acha
15. Rabba ben-Dndai
16. R. Shinui a few months
17. Chaninai hen -A bn ah am Kahana 782- 786
is. Iluna Mar Halevi ben-Isaac 7S6- 788
19. Manasseh ben-Joseph 788- 7'."-,
20. Isaiah ben-Abba 790- 798
21. .Joseph hen-Shila 798- 804
22. Mar Kahana ben-Chaninai 804- 810
23. Abumari ben-Abraham -
21. Joseph hen- Abba S14- S16
25. Mar Abraham ben-Sherira 816- 82S
]!. Jusijili Iten-Cliijit iiiiti-Uiiim.
26. R.Joseph ben-Chija sole Gaon S28- 833
27. R. Joseph ben-Rabbi B33 842
2S. Paltoj ben-Abaji 845
29. Meuachetn ben-Joseph ben-Chija S5S- S60
Mar Mattathias anti-Goon.
30. Mar Mattathias sole Gaon 8G0- 869
81. Rabba ben-Ami 869- s72
32. Mar Zeniach i. ben-Paltoj B72- 890
33. Hai ben-David 890- S97
34. Kimoj ben-Achai 897- 906
35. Mar Jehudai ben-Samuel 906- 917
36. Mar Kohen Zedek ii. ben-Joseph 917- 930
37. Zemach ben-Kafhai 930- 938
38. Chaninai hen-Jchudai 938- 943
39. Aaron Ibn Saiirada 943- 960
40. Nehemia ben-Kohen Zedek 960- 96S
41. Sherira ben-Cbanania 968 998
42. Hai ben-Sherira 99S-1038
Literature. — Pinner, Compendium des hierosolymita- nischen u. babylonischen Talmud (Berlin, 1832), p. 117 sq.; Monatsschriftjur Gesch. u. Wissenschafl d. Juden- thums, i. 203 sq., 403 sq.; vii, 336 sq., 381 sq.; (irlitz, Gesch. <!i r J111!, //.vols. iv. v; Ginsburg, in Kitto's Cyclo- paedia, arts. " Education" and "Scribes;" Jost, Gesch. der Judenth. u.s, Secten, vol. ii (see Index in vol. iii); Cas- sel, Leitfaden lurjiid. Gesch. ». Literaiur (Berlin, 1872), p. -\x. ;Vi; Ktheridgc, In/rod. to Hebrew Literature, p. L6J 220 1 where names and dates are, however, very often incorrect); Liber Juchassin siv* I I raphicum
et Historicum (ed. 11. Filipowski, Lond. 1857 1, p. 199 sip;
Worm an, in Kiddle and s, l - ( . lop, of Education,
art •• Hebrews, Education of." (B. I'.
Piinchao was the greatest of the Peruvian gods, the lord of (he day. Ihe creator of light.
Pundeka (»p*lS1B), a village of the tribe of Dan mentioned in the Talmud (Schwarz, Palest, p. 144); now the village Fundak,abo\ii midway between Nablus