chemical mean- as were at hand: and it was found that after the color was fixed at it- la-t natural change, ni- trous no in,, re than vitriolic acid had any other effect than that of rattier brightening it: aqua regia, with or
without Boluti f tin. and marine aeid. produced no
change; nor had fixed or volatile alkali any sensible effect. It does imt in (he least give out it- color to
alcohol, like cochineal, and the SUCCUS of the animal
o| Turbo 1 Sniliirin 1 clatkrus ; but it communicates its very disagreeable odor to it most copiously, so that opening the bottle has been more powerful in it- effects on the olfactory nerve- than the effluvia of assafcetida, to which it maybe compared. All the markings which had I, ecu alkalized and acidulated, together with those to which nothing bad been applied, became, after wash- ing in soap and water, of a uniform color rather brighter than before, and were fixed at a tine unchangeable crim- son" 1 Test. Brit. Supp. p. 106). The changes of color are absolutely dependent on the stimulus of light. Dr. Bancroft found that linen stained with the fluid of the Purpura might be kept for years shut between the leaves of a book without any visible change, which at, the expiration of its incarceration presently passed through all the changes, under the influence of light, to a glowing purple (On Perman. Col. i. 145). Reau- mur asserts that the immature egg-capsules of the same mollusk will yield the dye more abundantly, and with more facility, than the animal itself I Hist. Acad. Sci. 1711). It would appear as if the knowledgi ol this art bad never been lost, but bad been perpetu- ated even in Great Britain from the classical ages. Bode, in the 8th century, alludes to it familiarly, ami with admiration of the brilliancy and permanency of the hue (Hist, Eccles. Ax;/, i. 1 1 : and Richard of Ci- rencester speaks of i! in the 14th (Descr.ofBrit.jt.28). About the same time the following description was giv- en in a translation of Higden's Polychronicon: " I ber is alls,, of she! that we dyeth with fvne reede. The reed- ne-.-e ther of is wondre fayre and stable and steyn- eth nevyr with colde ne with hete ne with drie but ever the eldere the hew is fayrere" (Of Bretayne, i. 38). Three hundred years later the art was practiced for profit by persons on the coast of Ireland, who guard1 ed it as an beir-looin secret. Cole, however, found that the Purpura lapillus was the shell employed. — Fair- bairn. See Bibb Educator, iii, 327 s,j.. i\. 217; and coni]i. ( 'ol.ul:.
Purple Manuscript 1 r. uu \ Pubt-uri
times called ■•:/,, Cotton Ms.." variously designated as
HP ToyAoroyoy ercuernroHy
MIHOyKGCTin
A£>y/vo C M B x*^ TroyKy/^y Tor
Specimen of the Codex Purpureas (containing John \^. 20:
turs, 1
PURPOSE OF GOD
N, J, and T of the Gospels), a beautiful uncial MS. of the Greek Gospels, of which only twelve leaves remain : four of these (containing Matt, xxvi, 57-65; xxvii, 20- 34; John xiv, 2-10; xv, 15-22) are in the Cotton Li- brary {Codex Cottonianus, the "J" of Wetstein) of the British Museum; two (containing Luke xxiv, 13-21, and 31-39) are in the Imperial Library at Vienna ("N" of Wetstein and others) ; and six (containing Matt, xix, 0-13: xx, 6-22; xx, 29-xxi, 19) are in the Vatican Li- brary at Home (called " T" by Scholz). These are writ- ten in silver letters (now turned black), occasionally in gold letters, on purple vellum, in a large round hand, and in two columns, with the Ammonian sections and Eusebian canons in the margin. The date is of the end of the 6th or the beginning of the 7th century. Some of the fragments were collated in part by Wet- stein and Scholz, and the whole were accurately pub- lished by Teschendorf in his Monumenta Sacra Inedita (Lips. 1846). See Tregelles, in Home's Introd. iv, 177 ; Scrivener, Inti-od. p. 110 sq. See Manuscripts, Bib- lical.
Purpose of God. The word purpose is common- ly used and preferred to the word decree when God's de- termination regarding man's relation to eternity is re- ferred to. The word purpose owes its use to the fact that it is more comprehensive and expresses the idea of intelligent design, and therefore more clearly and with less of prejudice sets forth the true scope of the divine government. See Predesti nation.
Purpureus, Codex. See Purple Manuscript.
Purse (O"1^, Ids, Prov. i, 14; a "bag" for money, Isa. xlvi, 6, or for weights, Deut. xxv, 13: Prov. xvi, 11; MiavLll; jSaXavrioj/, Luke x, 4 ; xii,23 ["bag"] ; xxii, 35, 36 ; but £i.'>vj/, Matt, x, 9 ; Mark vi, 8, is the girdle, as elsewhere rendered). The Hebrews, when on a journey, were provided with a bag, in which they carried their money (Gen. xlii, 35 ; Prov. i, 14 ; vii, 20 ; Isa. xlvi, 6), and if they were merchants, also their weights (Deut. xxv, 13; Mic. vi, 11). This bag is va- riously termed in Heb. D^S, Ms (as above) ; "VPS, tse- ror ; and "^I.H, charit. The last occurs only in 2 Kings v, 23 (" bags") ; Isa. iii, 22 (A. V. " crisping- pins"). The latter is supposed to refer to the long, round form of the purse. The money-bag is described in the New Test, by the terms fSaXavriov (as above, peculiar to Luke x, 4; xii. 33; xxii, 35, 36), and yXwcr- aoKofiov (peculiar to John xii, 6; xiii, 29). The former is a classical term (Plato, Conviv. p. 190, e, avonaoTa fiaXavria); the latter is connected with the classical yXiouaoico^ulov, which originally meant the bag in which musicians carried the mouthpieces of their in- struments. In the Sept. the term is applied to the chest for the offerings at the Temple (2 Chron. xxiv, 8, 10, 11), and was hence adopted by John to describe the common purse carried by the disciples. The girdle also served as a purse, and hence the term Z/i)vr\ occurs in Matt, x, 9, Mark vi, 8. See Girdle. Ladies wore ornamental purses (Isa. iii, 23). The Eabbinists for- bade any one passing through the Temple with stick, shoes, and purse, these three being the indications of travelling (Mishna, Berachoth, 9, § 5).— Smith. See Bag; Money.