VIII.— F F F
one great end — the growth of Catholic truth and piety among us, or, contrariwise, resistance to what might hinder, retard, or obscure it ; but still insulated" {Eiren- icon, iii, 338).
The Puseyites have adopted from the Romish Church, without assenting in a general way to her dogmas, a number of ritual institutions, and even some points of faith. They affix to their churches portable crosses; have burning tapers on their altars; adorn chasubles and Prayer-books with crosses; have a Latin choir; and, what is more than these exterior conformities, they have declared for the Romish doctrine about the situa- tion and power of the Church, and about the sacraments, the number of which they have increased; they also introduced auricular confession. In the doctrine of jus- tification, where it was first intended to deviate from the Roman Catholic tenets, the resolutions of the Tri- dentinum were finally admitted as a base. The Pusey- ites went even the length of acknowledging in the pope a pre-eminence of spiritual honor and authority; they say that, as patriarch of Rome, not only his spiritual, but also his temporal authority extends over Italy; that the Church of England is bound to recognise it; and that all decrees of the Council of Trent may be authori- tatively construed in such a sense as to make them ac- ceptable to the Anglican Church. The Puseyites call themselves Catholics, & branch of the universal Catholic Church : they object most decidedly to being called Protestants. They regard the Church as one organic body, and primitive apostolic Christianity as a mere germ or seminal principle, to be developed and properly matured in the progress of ages. They adopt as such legitimate additions to Biblical Christianity obvious gross corruptions, which gained currency in the Church in different centuries, and were taught by leading fathers or councils — a practice which "throws an uncertainty about the lineaments of Christianity, and opens the door for every species of error that designing men may be inclined to adopt, while it enables the so-called Church Catholic to justify every one of her errors, both doctri- nal and ritual" (Schmucker). Another gross appendage sometimes associated with this theory of development is that Christ has placed himself in some kind of physical connection or concorporation with the mass of his dis- ciples, the Church, by which his body nourishes them in some mystical manner through the Eucharist, and fur- nishes the germ of their resurrection bod}-. Though Newman, still before his perversion, recommended, in the Ninetieth Tract for the Times, the acceptance of the doctrines of purgatory, of the invocation of saints, and of papal authority, Pusey has persisted in rejecting them. He also rejects the worship of Mary, the use of Latin in the mass, and the communion in one form (comp. Pusey, A Letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury [Oxf. 1842], and The Holy Eucharist [ibid. 1843]). As Puseyism is in progress among the culti- vated classes of England, especially among the clergy, and as it is thought to be only a forerunner of Catholi- cism, it is combated by the English bishops with admo- nitions, speeches, and disciplinary measures. They do not tolerate the rites introduced by the Puseyite eccle- siastics, and pronounce them a " mixture of Romanism or popery." They ordain no student of divinity if sus- pected of Puseyistic tendencies. At the University of Oxford, the seminary of the High-Church clergy, the antagonism of Puseyites and anti-Puseyites has broken out so openly that there is a storm of both parties on every vacant professorship. Puseyism has its represen- tatives in the most influential literary papers : the Quar- terly Review has published a series of articles in favor of the Puseyite innovations. The chief adversaries of the Puseyites, or Anglo-Catholics, are the Evangelicals, a party which originated in Methodism — the latter be- ing opposed both to the Puseyites and to the Episcopa- lians. If we compare the judgment of the English papers of different colors on the religious situation of Great Britain, and especially on Puseyism, we find a
PUSHTU VERSION
818
PUTEOLI
ue ueca\. ami iiitiniun^ tuc cujuaiiaoouucuii ui me
rch i" tin* circumstance thai, owing to the opposi- of tin- bishops, reformation could not completely
great diversity of appreciations. The radical press of ih. Dissenters, averse to Anglicanism, rejoices at its visible decay, and attributes the embarrassment of the Church ti'.n
its \vi>rk. It could only produce an imperfect
I form, and was smothered in the arms of an exterior political priesth I. The Tory papers original- ly advocated Puseyism, in which they saw a support for tin' High-Church; Inn they soon changed their mind : reewith the Whig papers on this point that the manner in which philosophy is taught at the I m\ erei- i \ of i txford is the cause of these religious phenomena. It is thought that the facility with which so many leave the High-Church lor Puseyism, and from Pusey- ism step over to Romanism, is due to the miserable sit- of philosophical studies in general, and espe- cially in the latiindinarianism of the Aristotelian logic winch is tanght at Oxford, and of the Platonic mysti- cism after the scholastic fashion. Others expect from Puseyism a regeneration of the High-Church and of the whole Anglican religious situation. See Petri, Wurdi- iiuuii des Wesi ns und <!< r lu dt utung des Puseyismus (Gott. 1843); Schleyer, Der Puseyismus nach seinem Ursprung und als Lehrsystem (Freib. 1845); Hurst's Hagenbach, Church //:.-/. ']*//< ,,,„l lit/A i; „i„,;,.<. ii. :;!••_> „.,.: Sehu- maker, Elemental Contrast (Gettysb. 1852); Garbett, Puseyandlh University of Oxford (1847); Taylor, In- cit nt i 'hristianity and th Doctrines of tin Oxford Tracts for the Times (Lond. 1844, 3 vols.); Fletcher, Lectures on th Principles qfikt Roman Catholic Church and of Puseyism (Lond. 1846); Boyd, England, Rome, and Ox- ford (Lond. 1846); Saville,^ Letter to Rev. Dr.Pusey on Auricular Confession (Lond. 1878); Dorner, Hist. Prot. Thiol, ii, 488 sq., 504 sq.; London Academy, 1873, p. 87; Nov. 14. 1874, p. 529; Ch. of Engl. Quar. Rev. July, 1855, art. vii; Amer. Presb. Rev. Oct. 1861 ; Rez,