War. It was a favorite watering-place of the Romans, as its numerous hot -springs were judged efficacious tor the cure id' various diseases. Ii was also the port where ships usually discharged their passengers and cargoes, partly lo avoid doubling the promontory of Circeiuro, and partly because tin re was no commodious harbor nearer to Rome. Hence the Bhip in which Paul was conveyed from Melita lauded the prisoners at this
place, where the apostle staved for a Week I Acts NN\ ,ii.
13). [n connection with St. Paul's movements, we must notice ii- communications, in Nero's reign, along the mainland with Rome. The coast road leading north- ward I" Sinucssa was not made till the reign ol' D6mi-
tiau: hut there w;t- a cross-road leading to Capua, and
PUTEOLI
819
PUTEOLI
Map of the Bay of Ptiteoli.
there joining the Appian Way. See Three Taverns. The remains of this road may be traced at intervals ; and thus the apostle's route can be followed almost step by step. We should also notice the fact that there were Jewish residents at Puteoli. We might be sure of this from its mercantile importance ; but we are pos- itively informed of it by Josephus (Ant. xvii, 12, 1) in his account of the visit of the pretended Herod-Alex- ander to Augustus; and the circumstance shows how natural it was that the apostle should find Christian "brethren" there immediately on landing. From this port it was that the Roman armies were despatched to Spain, and here the ambassadors from Carthage ed. It had the privileges of a colony from a very early period, and these were successively re- newed by Nero and Vespasian, I the latter bestowing on the place ' the title of Colonia Flavia. Pu- teoli was at that period a place of very great importance. We cannot elucidate this better than by saying that the celebrated bay a part of which is now " the bay of Naples," and in early times was "the bay of Cumae," was then called - Sinus Puteolanus." The city was at the north-eastern angle of the bay. Close to it was Raise, one of the most fashionable of the Roman watering-places. The emperor Caligula once built a ridiculous bridge between the two towns; and the remains of it must have been conspicuous when St. Paul landed at Pu- teoli in the Alexandrian ship which brought him from Malta. See Castor and Pollux; Mel- ita; Rhegium; Syracuse. In illustration of the arrival here of the corn-ships we may refer to Seneca (£/;. 77) and Sueto- nius (Octai: 98). No part of the Campanian shore was more fre- quented. The associations of Puteoli with historical person- ages are very numerous. Scipio sailed from hence to Spain. Cic- ero had a villa (his "Puteola- num") in the neighborhood. Here Nero planned the murder of his mother. Vespasian gave to this city peculiar privileges, and here Hadrian was buried. In the 5th century Puteoli was ravaged both by Alaric and
Genseric, and it never afterwards recovered its former eminence. It is now a fourth -rate Italian town, still retaining the name of Pozzuoli.
The remains of Puteoli are considerable. The aque- duct, the reservoirs, portions (probably) of baths, the great amphitheatre, the building called the temple of Serapis. which affords very curious indications of changes of level in the soil, are all well worthy of no- tice. But our chief interest here is concentrated on the ruins of the ancient mole, which is formed of the concrete called Pozzolmut , and sixteen of the piers of which still remain. No Roman harbor has left so solid a memorial oi itself as this one at which St. Paul land-
Mole of Puteoli
PUTIEL
820
PYGARG
ed in Italy. Here, too, was the statue erected to Tibe- rius to commemorate his restoration of the Asiatic cities destroyed by an earthquake, and of which Btatue the
pedestal with its inscription remains al st entire to
this day. See Mazzella, Situs el Antiquitaa Puteol. in Grsevius and Burnam, Thesour. ix. pt i\ ; Romanelli, I , Pozzuoli (Naples, 1817); Jorio, G
i Lbwenigh, Die Landschafi Poz-
zuoli (Aachen, 1841); Lewin, St. Paul, ii, 218 sq. See I Pai [..
Pu'tiel (Heb. Putiel', ;n--j". afflicted of God; Sept. &ovnrjk), the father ol the wife of Eleazar the priest and the mother of Pbinebas (Exod.vi, 25). B.C. cir. L619. In modern Jewish traditions Putiel is con- founded with Jethro the Midianite, "who fatted the calves for idolatrous worship" (Targum Pseudojon. On Exod. r't. 25; Gemara of Sota by Wagenseil, c. viii. §6).
Putnam, Franklin, a Presbyterian minister, was born in Marietta, 0., July 22, 1801. After receiving a good academical training, he entered Athens College, ( ).. and graduated with honor in 1823. During the last year of his college course he was converted, and though up to this time the law had been the objeel of his stud- ies, the Gospel now became his all-absorbing hope. He entered the Theological Seminary at Auburn, X.V., and in 1826 was Licensed by Oneida Presbytery, N. V. In 1827 he returned to Ohio, and was appointed to labor as a missionary and evangelist to the feeble churches in Springfield, Qrbana, and Buck Creek, O. Subsequently he accepted a call to Springfield Church, and was or- dained and installed pastor by Dayton Presbytery; here lie labored for eighteen months, when he accepted a call to the Church in Dayton, 0. In 1837, at the di- vision in the Church, he resigned, and accepted a call to Circleville, < ».. where he continued to labor lor over six years, when, by reason of paralysis of one half of liis body, he resigned his charge, and removed to Dela- ware, 0. Here, after devoted care on the part of Ids family, his health was restored, and he resumed preach- ing and ministered to the Church at Delaware, and sub- sequently at Tiffin, Greenville, and Republic. < >.. and Thorntown, End. He died at the latter place Oct 11, 1859. Mr. Putnam was a logical thinker, ami full of zeal for the cause of Christ; an excellent pastor, ever ready in sorrow to administer comfort and consolation. See Wilson, Presb. Hist. Almanac, L861,p. L62. (J.L.S.)