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-Salt (Ramoth-gilead. From a photograph by the Edi
RAMOTH-NEGEB
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Palcest. p. 213) ; (c) by the fact that about two miles to the north-west of es-Salt is the highest peak of the mountain -range still bearing the name Jebel Jilad, "Mount Gilead;" and (d) by the statement ofEusebius that Ramoth-gilead lay in the fifteenth mile from Phil- adelphia towards the west, and this is the exact distance of es-Salt from Rabbath-Ammon (Onomast. s. v. "Ram- moth"). The situation of es-Salt is strong and pictur- esque. The hill on which it stands is separated by deep ravines from the loftier mountains that encompass it, and its lower slopes are covered with terraced vineyards, while the neighboring hill- sides and valleys abound with olive-groves. On the summit stands the castle, a rectangular building with towers at the corners, and de- fended by a deep moat hewn in the rock. The founda- tions appear to be Roman, if not earlier, but the upper walls are Saracenic. In the town itself, which contains some three thousand inhabitants, there are few remains of antiquity. In the cliffs and ravines beneath it are great numbers of tombs and grottos (Handbook for Sinai and Palestine, p. 308). Es-Salt is famous for its vineyards, and its raisins are esteemed the best in Pal- estine. They are carried in large quantities to Jerusa- lem (Burckhardt, Syria, p. 349; Irby and Mangles. Travels, p. 321 ; Ritter, Pal. und Syr. p. 1121-38; Abul- feda, Tab. Syr. p. 92; Buckingham, Travels, p. 20).— Kitto. It is now the only inhabited place in the prov- ince of Belka. It is still a place of comparative strength, and overawes the Bedawin by a garrison under the pasha of Damascus. Tristram says of it, "Ramoth- gilead must always have been the key of Gilead — at the head of the only easy road from the Jordan, opening immediately on the rich plateau of the interior, and with this isolated cone (the Osha) rising close above it, forti- fied from very early times, by art as well as by nature. Of the fortress only a tall fragment of wall remains, and a pointed archway, with a sort of large dial-plate, carved deeply in stone, surrounded by a rose-work decoration. It appears to be all modern Turkish work" (Land of Israel, p. 555). There is a plateau, he further tells us, on the road towards Jordan, and there probably the battle was fought where Ahab received his mortal wound — that be- ing the only place where chariots could come into play.
Winer and others identify Ramoth-gilead, Ramath- mizpah, and Mizpah of Gilead. On this, see Mizpaii ; Ramah.
Ramoth-negeb. See Ramath-negeb.
Rampalle, Jeanne, a French female ascetic of note, was born Jan. 3, 1583, at Saint-Remy; displayed at an early age a tendency to a contemplative life; and when old enough to be admitted to a monastery, joined the Ursulines of Avignon, until, in 1602, she determined to found a home of her own, and established it on the rule of St. Augustine. She then took the name Jeanne de Jesus, provided the constitution and such religious books as she believed her companions to be in need of, e. g. Retraite Spirituelle ; Pratique de Devotion, etc., also hymns and songs. She died July 6, 1 G36. See Vie de la Mere Jeanne de Jesus (Avignon, 1751, 12mo). — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.
Rampart fall, cheyl, Lam. ii, 8; Nab. iii, 8; else- where " trend)," " bulwark," etc.), a fortification or low wall surrounding and protecting a military trench (2 Sam. xx, 15; Isa. xxvi, 1, etc.; eomp. 1 Kings xxi, 23; Psa. xlviii, 14). See Army; Siege. In the Talmud the Hebrew word is applied to the interior space sur- rounding the wall of the Temple (Lightfoot, Opp. ii, 193). See Temple.
Rarnpelogo (or RampeloccA Antonio, an Ital- ian theologian, was born at Genoa and flourished in the second half of the 15th century. He was an Augustin- ian monk, and passed for a learned controversialist in his times. According to some modern ecclesiastical writers of Rome, Rarnpelogo was such an eloquent and persuasive disputant that he was called to the Council of
Constance in order to convert the Hussites. He is the author of Repertorium Biblieum, which was put in the Index by pope Clement VIII, but which, nevertheless, has often been printed (Ulm, 147C, fol. ; Nuremb. 1481 ; Milan, 1494, etc.). See Oudin, Be Script. Eccles. iii, 2310.— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.
Rampen, Henri, a Belgian divine, was born at Hui, Nov. 18, 1572. Studied successively at Cologne, Mayence, and Louvain, and taught Greek and philoso- phy at the college in Lys. From 1620 to 1637 he taught exegesis of the Scriptures at the university, of which he was several times rector. He finally entered the practical work of the ministry, and secured a canonicate at Breda, but did not like this work, and returned to ped- agogy as rector at St. Anne College. He died March 4, 1641. He published Commentarius in Quatuor Evang< /in (Lond. 1631-34, 3 vols. 4to ).— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene- rale, s. v.
Ramrayas, a sect of the Sikhs, deriving their appel- lation from Rama Raya, who flourished about A.D. 1660. They are by no means numerous in Ilindostan. — Gard- ner, Faiths of the World, s. v.