great distance from Rome, Francis de Paulo had, in 1785, given Hoffbauer full power to establish colleges, receive members, etc.; and in 1792 he appointed him his vicar-general. In 1801 or 1802 they were invited to Switzerland, and in 1803 some of them were sent there. They settled at first, on the estate of the duke of Schwarzenherg at the frontier of Switzerland, and afterwards in the village of Jestetten, on Mount Ta- bor. In August, 1803, Hoffbauer went to Rome, after- wards to Poland, and thence to Mount Tabor. While . at the latter place he received a request to send a mem- ber of his order to the church at Trvbcrg, in the Black Forest, a place of pilgrimage. Still the two establish- ments at Mount Tabor and at Tryberg proved unsuc- cessful, and were subsequently abandoned. In 1806 Hoffbauer returned to Warsaw ; but the very next year proceedings were instituted against the society, their papers searched, and finally the community was sup- pressed by the military authorities. The fathers were imprisoned in the fort of Ktistrin, where they were re- tained one month, and then sent back two by two to their native country. Hoffbauer retired to Vienna, where he sought to reunite his order. In 1813 he was appointed confessor and ecclesiastical director of the Ursuline convent of that city, an office which he re- tained until his death. The church of the convent was soon transformed into a mission church, Hoffbauer's reputation as a confessor became considerable, and he preached, besides, every Sunday in the church of St. Ur- sula. As he died March 15, 1820, lie did not witness the establishing of his order in Austria; although, one month after his death, the Redemptorists were permitted to es- tablish a college, and before the close of the year the emperor granted them a church at Vienna. In the fall of 1826 they formed a branch establishment at Frohn- leiten. The Liguorians now continued in Vienna un- til driven out of it in March, 1848. In Bavaria the king authorized, March 11, 1811, fifteen to twenty mem- bers of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer to establish themselves at Alt-Oetting. On the other hand, the government, became satisfied in 1848 that the Re- demptorists and their doctrines would prove dangerous to Bavaria. They were therefore replaced by the Ben- edictines. The authorities gave as their reasons for this change that the fathers were instilling fanatical views among the people by means of the confessional, and that their preaching excited the lower classes to disorder. A part of the members of the society re- moved to America after its dissolution, others went to Austria, and some became secular priests. In France the Redemptorists established themselves first at Visch- enberg, in the diocese of Strasburg: they were sup- pressed by the revolution of July, 1830, but succeeded in obtaining their re-establishment, and have at present several establishments in France. The Redemptorists still adhere to the rule of their original constitution. We find in the Catholic Directory for England for this year, after mention of their church at Bishop Eton, Liverpool, a memorandum to the effect that " this is not a parochial church — hence the fathers do not baptize children, or assist at marriages and funerals, except in cases of necessity; but they are always ready to hear confessions, visit the sick, administer the sacraments, preach, and instruct." The Redemptorists have also a house at Clapham, Surrey. Of late years they have been busily pursuing their mission in various parts of Ireland. In America they have founded establishments at New York, Baltimore, Ph iladelphia, Pittsburgh, Roch- ester, Albany, Buffalo, and Mouzon. According to the Catholic Directory, they number over 100 members in this country, about 90 of them priests, who have charge of 20 or mon; churches, mostly at important centres, viz. New York (2), Rochester, Buffalo, and Elmira, N. Y. ; Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pa. ; Baltimore (4), Annapolis, Ilchester, etc., Md. ; New Orleans (3), La. ; Chatawa,Pike County, Miss. ; Detroit, Mich. ; Chicago, 111.; St. Louis, Mo. They are building a church in
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Boston; and the large cathedral on Fifth Avenm . N't n York, which has co8l over $1,000,000, is under their supervision. They have 5 convents in Maryland, with a novitiate and a nous 27 or 28 clerical
members (including the provincial, the " Very Rev. Jo- | seph Helmprbi bt, C.SS.R."), 5 novices, 36 lay brothers, ■ and 50 stu lents connected with them; 2 bouses in New York city, with 11 priests and J lay brothers; and houses in other cities, etc, usually with from 1 to 8 priests, besides lay brothers, connected with each. The ters is al present ai Nbcera dei Pagani, in the kingdom of Naples. Their present number, according to the Statistical Year-book of the Roman Catholic Church, is about 2000.
I here is also a congregation of female Redemptorists, which Liguori instituted in 1732. They had two es- tablishments in Austria — at Vienna and Stein — but these were also abolished ill 1848. They have still a house at Bruges, in Belgium. Pbsl stated in 184 1 their ns as consisting of their colleges in the king- dom of Naples. Sicily, and the Papal Mates; in Austria. the colleges of Vienna, Eggenberg, Mautern, Frohnlei- ten, Marburg, [nnspruck, and the hospitals of Leoben and Donauberg; in Bavaria, the college of Alt-Oetting; in Belgium, that of Liege, St. Trond, Tournay, and the hospital of Brussels; in Holland, the college of Wittem; in America, the colleges of Baltimore and Pittsburgh, and the missionary Btations of Albany, Buffalo,' Phila- delphia, Detroit, Rochester, and New York; in Switzer- land, the college of Freiburg; in France, the establish- ments of Vischenberg, Landser, and one near Nancy: in England, a station at Falmouth. See Posl, Clemens Maria Hoffbauer (Regensb. 1844) ; Henrion, Gesch. d. Monchsorden; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. viii, 440 ; Bar- num, Romanism u.< it Is, p. 318, 319.