and 2 Tim. iii. 2. Compare the kindred noun, 1 Tim. vi. 10. The usual word for covetous is wAeovéxtys (1 Cor. v. 10, 11; Visl0): ,
Derided (é£euuerjpufov). Only here and ch. xxiii. 35. Lit., to turn up the nose at. The Romans had a corresponding phrase, naso adunco suspendere, to hang on the hooked nose: i.e., to turn. up the nose and make a hook of it, on which (figuratively) to hang the subject of ridicule. Thus Horace, in one of his satires, giving an account of a pretentious banquet at the house of a rich miser, describes one of the guests as hanging everything to his nose ; i.e., making a joke of everything that occurred. The simple verb occurs at Gal. vi. 7, of mocking God.
15. Abomination. See on Matt. xxiv. 15.
16. Presseth. Rev., entereth violently. See on Matt. xi. 12. Wye., maketh violence into it. Tynd., striveth to go in.
17. Tittle. See on Matt. v. 18.
19-31. Tue Parasite or Dives anp Lazarus. Peculiar to Luke.
19. Was clothed. Imperfect, and frequentative ; denoting his habitual attire.
Purple (zop¢vpav). Originally the purple jish from which the color was obtained, and thence applied to the color itself. Several kinds of these were found in the Mediterranean. The color was contained in a vein about the neck. Under the term purple the ancients included three distinct colors: 1. A deep violet, with a black or dusky tinge; the color meant by Homer in describing an ocean wave: “ As when the great sea grows purple with dumb swell” (‘“ Tliad,” xiv., 16). 2. Deep scarlet or crimson—the Tyrian purple. 38. The deep blue of the Med- iterranean, The dye was permanent. Alexander is said by Plutarch to have found in the royal palace at Susa garments
Cz. XVI] LUKE. 397
which preserved their freshness of color though they had been laid up for nearly two hundred years ; and Mr. St. John (“ Man- ners and Customs of Ancient Greece ”) relates that a small pot of the dye was discovered at Pompeii which had preserved the tone and richness attributed to the Tyrian purple. This fixed- ness of color is alluded to in Isa. i. 18—though your sins were as scarlet, the term being rendered in the Septuagint qovxodr, which, with its kindred words, denoted darker shades of red. A full and interesting description of the purple may be found in J. A. St. John’s “ Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece,” lil., 224 sq.
Fine linen (8vccov). Byssus. A yellowish flax, and the linen made from it. Herodotus says it was used for enveloping mummies (ii., 86), a statement confirmed by microscopic exam- inations. He also speaks of it as a bandage for a wound (vii., 181). Itis the word used by the Septuagint for linen (Exod. xxy. 4; xxviil. 5; xxxv. 6, etc.). Some of the Egyptian linen was so fine that it was called woven air. Sir Gardner Wilkin- son says that some in his possession was, to the touch, compar- able to silk, and not inferior in texture to the finest cambric. It was often as transparent as lawn, a fact illustrated by the painted sculptures, where the entire form is often made dis- tinctly visible through the outer garment. Later Greek writers used the word for cotton and for sik. See Wilkinson’s “ An- cient Egyptians,” first series, iii., 114 sq., and Rawlinson’s “ His- tory of Ancient Egypt,” i.,487, 512. A yellow byssus was used by the Greeks, the material for which grew around Elis, and which was enormously costly.
Faréd sumptuously (evdpawopevos Aaptpas). Lit., mak- ing merry in splendor. Compare ch. xv. 23, 24, 29, 82. Wyc., he ate, each day, shiningly.
20. Beggar. See on poor, Matt. v. 3.
Lazarus. Abbreviated from’E)edfapos, Hleazar, and mean- ing God a help. “It is astriking evidence of the deep im-
398 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cu. XVL.