pression which this parable has made on the mind of Christen- dom, that the term /azar should have passed into so many lan- guages as it has, losing altogether its signification as a proper name” (Trench).
Was laid (é8é8rn70). Lit., was thrown: cast carelessly down by his bearers and left there.
Gate (rvdeva). The gateway, often separated from the house or temple. In Matt. xxvi. 71, it is rendered porch.
Full of sores (eiAcwpévos). Only here’ in New Testament. The regular medical term for to be ulcerated. John uses the kindred noun dos, an ulcer (Apoc. xvi. 2). See next verse.
21. Desiring (émuSvuoev). Eagerly, and not receiving what he desired. The same thing is implied in the story of the prodigal, where the same word is used, “he would fain have been filled ” (ch. xv. 16), but the pods did not satisfy his hunger.
The crumbs that fell (tav mimrtovtav). Lit., the things falling. The best texts omit Wieyl@v, crumbs.
Moreover (aAAa@ xal). Lit., but even. “ But (instead of finding compassion), even the dogs,” ete.
Licked (ézréXevyov). Only here in New Testament. Oyril, cited by Hobart, says: ‘The only attention, and, so to speak, medical dressing, which his sores received, was from the dogs who came and licked them.”
22. Abraham’s bosom. A Rabbinical phrase, equivalent to being with Abraham in Paradise. “To the Israelite Abra- ham seems the personal centre and meeting-point of Paradise”
(Goebel).
23. Hell. Rev., Hades. Where Lazarus also was, but in a different region. See on Matt. xvi. 18.
Cu. XVLJ LUKE. 399
24. Cool (karawvyew). Only here in New Testament. Com- mon in medical language. See on ch. xxi. 26. Compare the exquisite passage in Dante, where Messer Adamo, the false coiner, horribly mutilated, and in the lowest circle of Malebolge, Says :
**T had, while living, much of what I wished ; And now, alas! a drop of water crave. The rivulets that from the verdant hills Of Cassentin descend down into Arno, Making their channels to be soft and cold, Ever before me stand, and not in vain: For far more doth their image dry me up Than the disease which strips my face of flesh.” Inferno, xxx., 65 sq.
Tormented (dduvapar). Used by Luke only. Zormented is too strong. The word is used of the sorrow of Joseph and Mary when the child Jesus was missing (ch. 11. 48); and of the grief of the Ephesian elders on parting with Paul (Acts xx. 38). Rev., J am in anguish.
25. Son (réxvov). Lit., chald.
Receivedst (a7ékafes). Received back (ame) as a reward or quittance. Compare ch. vi. 84; xviii. 80; xxiii. 41.
Gulf (ydoyua). From ydoxo, to yawn. Transcribed into the English chasm. In medical language, of the cavities in a wound or ulcer.
Is fixed (éorjpuxtac). Compare ch. xxii. 82; and see on 1 Pet. v. 10.
27. Send him to my father’s house. Compare Dante, where Ciacco, the glutton, says to Dante:
‘¢ But when thou art again in the sweet world, I pray thee to the mind of others bring me.” Inferno, vi., 88.
400 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. XVII.
31. Be persuaded. Dives had said, “they will repent.” Abraham replies, “they will not be even persuaded.”
Though one rose. Dives had said, “if one went.”
From the dead (é« vexpav). Dives had said from the dead, but using a different preposition (a7¢). It is wellnigh im- possible to give the English reader this nice play of prepositions. The general distinction is dd, from the outside; éx, from within. Thus Luke ii. 4, Joseph went up from (azo) Galilee, the province, out of (éx) the city of Nazareth. Abraham’s preposition (éx, out of ) implies a more complete identification with the dead than Dives’ ame, from. A rising from among the dead was more than a messenger going from the dead. “We can hardly pass over the identity of the name Lazarus with that of him who actually was recalled from the dead ; but whose return, far from persuading the Pharisees, was the im- mediate exciting cause of their crowning act of unbelief” (Alford).