6. Ye also. As Romans among other Gentiles: not, callea as I am called.
7. In Rome (év ‘Payn). The words are omitted in a MS. of the tenth or eleventh century, and in a cursive * of the eleventh or twelfth. The words év’Edéom in Ephesus, are also omitted from Eph. i. 1, by two of the oldest MSS., on which fact has arisen the theory that the Ephesian Epistle was encyclical, or addressed to a circle of churches, and not merely to the church at Ephesus. This theory has been very widely received. With this has been combined the omission of in Rome from the Roman Epistle, and the attempt has been made to show that the Roman Epistle was likewise en- cyclical, and was sent to Ephesus, Thessalonica, and possibly to some other churches. Archdeacon Farrar advocates this view in “The Expositor,” first ser., ix., 211; and also in his “ Life and Work of Paul,” ii., 170. This theory is used to defend the view which places the doxology of xvi. 25-27 at the end of ch. xiv. See note there.
Called to be saints («Anrois aylois). Or, saints by way of call. See on called to be an apostle, ver.1. It is asserted that they are what they are called. The term dyou saints, is ap-
* Cursive, a MS. written in running hand. MSS. written in capitals are distinguished as uncials,
6 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. L
plied to Christians in three senses in the New Testament. 1, As members of a visible and local community (Acts ix. 32, 41; xxvi. 10); 2, as members of a spiritual community (1 Cor. i. 2; Col. iii. 12); 38, as individually holy (Eph. i. 18; Col. i. 12; Apoc. xiii. 10).
8. First (p@rov pév). Not above all, but in the first place. The form of the phrase leads us to expect a succeeding clause introduced by secondly or next; but this is omitted in the ful- ness and rapidity of Paul’s thought, which so often makes him negligent of the balance of his clauses.
Through Jesus Christ. As the medium of his thanksgiv- ing: “As one who is present to his grateful thoughts; in so far, namely, as that for which he thanks God is vividly per- ceived and felt by him to have been brought about through Christ.” Compare vii. 25; Col. iii. 17; Eph. v. 20. In peni- tence and in thanksgiving alike, Jesus Christ is the one mediator through whom we have access to God.
For you all (epi wdavtwv ipev). The preposition means rather concerning, about.
Is proclaimed (catayyé\Xeras). The different compounds of the simple verb ayyé\Xw to announce, are interesting. The simple verb occurs only at John xx. 18.* “AvaryyéArew is to report with the additional idea of bringing tidings wp to or back to the person receiving them. So John v. 15. The im- potent man brought back information to the Jews. Compare Mark v. 14. So Christ will send the Comforter, and He will bring back to the disciples tidings of things to come. John xvi. 13-15. See Acts xiv. 27; 2 Cor. vii. 7; 1 Pet. 1,12.
"Arayyédrew is to announce with a reference to the source JSrom (amo) which the message comes. So Matt. ii. 8; Acts xii. 14. Compare Luke vii. 22; viii. 834; Acts v. 22.
KarayyédXewv is to proclaim with authority, as commissioned to spread the tidings throughout, down among those that hear
* Where Tischendorf, Tregelles and Westcott and Hort read dyyéAdouca for drayyéAdovea. In John iv. 51, Tischendorf reads kal #yyeAay for kal datry- vyevay, and omits A¢yovres. Westcott and Hort, simply Aéyovres.
Cu. 1.] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 7
them, with the included idea of celebrating or commending. So here. Compare Acts xvi.21; xvii. 3. Thus in dvayyédrXeu the recipient of the news is contemplated; in amayyédAcw the source ; in KkataryyédXew the relation of the bearer and hearer of the message. The first is found mostly in John, Mark, and Acts; the second in the Synoptists and Acts; the third only in the Acts and Paul.