11. We also joy (cai cavydpevor). Lit., but also glorying. The participle corresponds with that in ver. 10, being reconciled. We shall be saved, not only as being reconciled, but as also rejoicing ; the certainty of the salvation being based, not only upon the reconciliation, but also upon the corresponding joy.
We have now received the atonement (viv tiv Katadda- yiv €XaBopuev). Low, in contrast with future glory.
62 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. V.
Atonement, Rev., properly, reconciliation, the noun being etymologically akin to the verb ¢o reconcile. Atonement at the time of the A. V. signified reconciliation, at-one-ment, the making two estranged parties a¢ one. So Shakspeare:
‘¢ He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrarieties.” ‘«Coriolanus,”’ iv., 6.
Fuller: “ His first essay succeeded so well, Moses would ad- venture on a second design to atone two Israelites at variance.” The word at present carries the idea of satesfaction rather than of reconciliation, and is therefore inappropriate here. The ar- ticle points to the reconciliation in ver. 10. See on ch. ili. 24— 26.
12. Wherefore as. As (@o7rep) begins the first member of a comparison. The second member is not expressed, but is checked by the illustration introduced in vv. 13, 14, and the apostle, in his flow of thought, drops the construction with which he started, and brings in the main tenor of what is want- ing by ‘‘ Adam who is the type,” etc. (ver. 14).
Entered into. Asa principle till then external to the world.
Passed upon (dupAtev éd’). Lit., came throughout upon. The preposition dvd denotes spreading, propagation, as eis into denoted entrance.
For that (éf’ 6). On the ground of the fact that. 13. Untilthe law. In the period between Adam and Moses.
Is not imputed (ov« édXoye?rar). Put to account so as to bring penalty. From Aoyos an account or reckoning. Only here and Philem. 18.
Figure (rvzros). See on 1 Pet. v. 3.
15. Of one (rod évds). Rev., correctly, the one—Adam. So the many.
Much more. Some explain of the quality of the cause and effect: that as the fall of Adam caused vast evil, the work of the far greater Christ shall much more cause great, results of
Cu. V.] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 63
good. This is true; but the argument seems to turn rather on the question of certainty. “The character of God is such, from a christian point of view, that the comparison gives a much more certain basis for belief, in what is gained through the second Adam, than in the certainties of sin and death through the first Adam ” (Schaff and Riddle).
16. That sinned (dpaprticavtos). The better supported reading. Some MSS. and versions read duaptjpartos trans- gression.
Of one. Some explain, one man, from the preceding (one) that sinned. Others, one trespass, from ver. 17.
The judgment (xpiua). Judicial sentence. Compare 1 DOrevig, xt 29. Hee on 2 Pet. il. 3.
Condemnation (catdxpiua). See on shall be damned, Mark xvi. 16. A condemnatory sentence.
Justification (Sucatwpya). Not the subjective state of justi- fication, but a righteous act or deed. Apoc. xix. 8; see on ver. 18.
The word is sometimes rendered ordinance, Heb. ix. 1, 10; an appointment of God having the force of law. So Rom. i. 32, where Rey. gives ordinance for judgment, and ii. 26, ordin- ances for righteousness.
17. Reigned. The emphatic point of the comparison. The effect of the second Adam cannot fall behind that of the first. If death reigned, there must be a reign of life.
They which receive (of XauPdvortes). Not believingly accept, but simply the recipients.
Abundance of grace. Note the articles, the abundance of the grace.
18. The offence of one (évds rapamteépartos). Rev., cor- rectly, one trespass.
The righteousness of one (évds Svxatépatos). See on ver. 16. Rev., correctly, one act of righteousness.
19. Disobedience (zapaxojs). Only here, 2 Cor. x. 6; Heb. ix. 2. The kindred verb wapaxovw to neglect, Rev., refuse,