Teaching. Aimed at the understanding.
8. Exhortation. Aimed at the heart and will. See on con- solation, Luke vi. 24. Compare 1 Cor. xiv. 3; Acts iv. 36, where Rev. gives son of exhortation.
He that giveth (6 peradidovs). Earthly possessions. The preposition pera indicates sharing with. He that imparteth. Compare Eph. iv. 28; Luke iii. 11.
Simplicity (daAdryT1). See on single, Matt. vi. 22, and compare Jas. i. 5, where it is said that God gives amas semply. See note there. In 2 Cor. viii. 2; ix. 11, 18, the A. V. gives liberality ; and in Jas. i. 5, liberally. Rev. accepts this in the last-named passage, but gives singleness in margin. In all the others Jberality is, at best, very doubtful. The sense is unusual,
158 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. XIL
and the rendering szmplicity or singleness is defensible in all the passages.
He that ruleth (0 poictdpevos). Lit., he that 7s placed in Jront. The reference is to any position involving superin- tendence. No special ecclesiastical office is meant. Compar Tit. ili. 8, to maintain good works ; the idea of presiding over running into that of carrying on or practising. See note there. Compare also mpoordtis succorer, Rom. xvi. 2, and see note.
With diligence (év ovovdj). See on Jude 3. In Mark vi. 25; Luke i. 39, it is rendered haste. In 2 Cor. vii. 11, care- Sulness (Rev., earnest care). In 2 Cor. vii. 12, care (Rev., earn- est care). In 2 Cor. viii. 8, forwardness (Rev., earnestness). In 2 Cor. viii. 16, earnest care.
With cheerfulness (éy thapérnrs). Only here in the New Testament. It reappears in the Latin Azlaritas; English, hi- larity, echilarate. ‘The joyful eagerness, the amiable grace, the affability going the length of gayety, which make the visitor a sunbeam penetrating into the sick-chamber, and to the heart of the afflicted.”
9. Love (1) ayd7n). The article has the force of your. See on loveth, John v. 20.
Without dissimulation (avuméxputos). Rev., without Ay- pocrisy. See on hypocrites, Matt. xxiii. 13.
Abhor (azocrvyotvtes). Lit., abhorring. The only simple verb for hate in the New Testament is pucéw. StTvyéw, quite frequent in the classics, does not occur except in this compound, which is found only here. The kindred adjective oruynrés hateful, is found 1 Tim. iii. 8. The original distinction be- tween picéw and oruyéw is that the former denotes concealed and cherished hatred, and the latter hatred expressed. The preposition a6 away from, may either denote separation or be merely entenswve. An intense sentiment is meant: loathing.
Cleave (xodArAwpevor). See on joined himself, Luke xv. 15. Compare Acts xvii. 34; 1 Cor. vi. 16.
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10. Be kindly affectioned (fiAdoropyor). Only here in the New Testament. From orépyw to love, which denotes peculi- arly a natural affection, a sentiment innate and peculiar to men as men, as distinguished from the love of desire, called out by circumstance. Hence of the natural love of kindred, of people and king (the relation being regarded as founded in nature), of a tutelary god for a people. The word here represents Christ- ians as bound by a family tie. It is intended to define more specifically the character of firaderdia brotherly love, which follows, so that the exhortation is “love the brethren in the faith as though they were brethren in blood” (Farrar). Rev., be tenderly affectioned ; but the A. V., in the word kindly, gives the real sense, since kind is originally kinned; and kindly affectioned is having the affection of kindred.
In honor preferring one another (77 Tu aAXAHAOVS Tpo- nyovpevor). The verb occurs only here. It means to go before as a guide. Honor is the honor due from each to all. Com- pare Philip. ii. 3; 1 Pet. ii. 17; v.5. Hence, leading the way in showing the honor that is due. Others render antecipateng and excelling.