lam known (ézeyvéoInv). The tense is the aorist, “was known,” in my imperfect condition. Paul places himself at the future stand-point, when the perfect has come. The com- pound verb is the same as the preceding. Hence American Rev., “I was fully known.”
13. And now (vuvi 2). Rev., but; better than and, bring- ing out the contrast with the transient gifts. Mow is logical and not temporal. Thus, as it 2s.
Abideth. Not merely in this life. The essential perman- ence of the three graces is asserted. In their nature they are eternal.
3. To edification — exhortation —comfort (oicodopnv — Trapdkdnow—rrapapusiav). Omit to. For edification see on build up, Acts xx. 32. Hahortation, s0 American Rev. Rev., comfort. See on Luke vi. 24. Iapapyudia comfort, Rev., con- solation, occurs only here in the New Testament. Iapapvduov, which is the same, in Philip. ii. 1. The two latter words are found together in Philip. ii. 1, and their kindred verbs in 1 Thess. ii. 11. The differences in rendering are not important. The words will bear either of the meanings in the two Revis- ions. If wapd«Anow be rendered as Rev., comfort, Tmapapudia might be rendered éncentive, which implies exhortation. Con- solation and comfort border a little too closely on each other.
268 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cn. XIV.
7. Voice (dwryv). See on sownd, Rom. x. 18. The sound generally. Used sometimes of sounds emitted by things with- out life, as a trumpet or the wind. See Matt. xxiv. 31; John Mies,
Harp («.Jdpa). See on Apoc. v. 8.
Distinction (dsacrodjv). Proper modulation. Compare the use of the word in Rom. iii. 22; x. 12.
Sounds (Idyyous). The distinctive sounds as modulated, See on Rom. x. 18.
8. The trumpet (cdrmuyé). Properly, a war-trumpet.
Sound (¢wvyyv). Rev., much better, voice, preserving the distinction between the mere sound of the trumpet and the modulated notes. The case might be illustrated by the bugle- calls or points by which military commands are issued, as dis- tinguished from the mere blare of the trumpet.
10. Voices—without signification (davdv—ddavev). The translation loses the word-play. So many kinds of voices, and no kind is votceless. By voices are meant languages.
11. Meaning (Sdvamw). Lit., force.
Barbarian. Supposed to be originally a descriptive word of those who uttered harsh, rude accents—dar bar. Homer calls the Carians BapBapodavo barbar-voiced, harsh-speaking (“Tliad,” ii., 867). Later, applied to all who did not speak Greek. Socrates, speaking of the way in which the Greeks di- vide up mankind, says: “ Here they cut off the Hellenes as one species, and all the other species of mankind, which are innum- erable and have no connection or common language, they in- clude under the single name of barbarians” (Plato, “ States- man,” 262). So Clytaemnestra of the captive Cassandra: “Like a swallow, endowed with an unintelligible barbaric voice” (Aeschylus, “ Agamemnon,” 1051). Prodicus in Plato’s “ Pro- tagoras” says: “Simonides is twitting Pittacus with ignorance of the use of terms, which, in a Lesbian, who has been accust- omed to speak in a barbarous language, is natural” ( 341). Aristophanes calls the birds barbarians because they sing inart-
Cu. XIV.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. 269
iculately (“ Birds,” 199); and Sophocles calls a foreign land dyrwaooos without a tongue. ‘Neither Hellas nor a tongueless land” (‘“Trachiniae,” 1060). Later, the word took the sense of outlandish or rude.
12. Spiritual gifts (zvevydrwvr). Lit., spirits. Paul treats the different spiritual manifestations as if they represented a variety of spirits. To an observer of the unseemly rivalries it would appear as if not one spirit, but different spirits, were the object of their zeal.
13. Pray that he may interpret (pocevyéc$o ta duep- pnvevyn). Not, pray for the gift of interpretation, but use his unknown tongue in prayer, which, above all other spiritual gifts, would minister to the power of interpreting.