In the world. Connect with ye are seen, not with lumin- aries. The world, not only material, but moral. For the moral sense of kécpos world, see on John i. 9.
16. Holding forth (éréyovres). The verb means literally to hold upon or apply. Uence to fix attention upon, as Luke xiv. 7; Acts iii. 5; 1 Tim. iv. 16. In Acts xix. 22, stayed: where the idea at bottom is the same—zept to. So in Sept., Job xxvii. 8, of setting the heart on gain. Job xxx. 26, “jfiwed my mind on good.” In Gen, viii. 10, of Noah wanting. In classi- cal Greek, to hold out, present, as to offer wine to a guest or the breast to an infant. Also to stop, keep down, confine, cease. Here in the sense of presenting or offering, as A. V. and Rev, holding forth.
440 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IL
That I may rejoice (eis xavynua euol). Lit., for a cause of glorying unto me.
In the day of Christ (eis sépav Xpictod). Lit., against the day, asch.i. 10. The phrase day of Christ is peculiar to this epistle. The usual expression is day of the Lord.
Have not run (ovx édpapuov). Rev., better, did not run. Aorist tense. Ignatius writes to Polycarp to ordain some one “beloved and unwearied, who may be styled God’s courier” (Jeodpouos. To Polycarp, vii.).
17. | am offered (omévdouas). Lit., J am poured out as a labation. The figure is that of a sacrifice, in which the Philip- pians are the priests, offering their faith to God, and Paul’s life is the libation poured out at this offering. Compare 2 Cor. xii. 15; 2 Tim. iv. 6. Ignatius: ‘“ Brethren, I am lavishly poured out in love for you” (Philadelphia, v.).
Upon the sacrifice, etc. (éa/). The image is probably drawn from heathen rather than from Jewish sacrifices, since Paul was writing to converted heathen. According to Josephus, the Jewish libation was poured rownd and not upon the altar; but the preposition ézé used here, was also used to describe it. At all events, éwé may be rendered at, which would suit either.
Sacrifice and service (Jvola «al Nevtoupyla). Sacrifice, as uniformly in the New Testament, the thing sacrificed. Service, see on ministration, Luke i. 23, and ministered, Acts xiii. 2. In the Old Testament, used habitually of the ministry of priests and Levites; also of Samuel’s service to God; 1 Sam. ii. 18; iii. 1. Of service to men, 1 Kings i. 4,15. In the apostolic writings this and its kindred words are used of services to both God and man. See Rom. xiii. 6; xv. 16; Luke i. 23; Rom. xv. 27; 2 Cor. ix. 12; Philip. ii. 25.
Of your faith. Offered by you as a sacrifice to God.
Rejoice with (cvyya/pw). There seems to be no sufficient reason for rendering congratulate.
20. Like minded (‘cdyuyov). Only here in the New Testa- ment, With Paul himself, not Timothy.
Cx, IL] THE EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS. 44]
Who (ée7us). Double relative, classifying: such that he.
Naturally (yvnoiws). Rev., truly. The adverb only here in the New Testament. The kindred adjective yvovos true, own, occurs 1 Tim. i. 2; Tit. i. 4; 2 Cor. viii. 8 (see note).
21. All (oi wdvtes). The all; that is, one and all. The ex- pression, however, must have limitations, since it cannot include those spoken of in ch. i. 14,17. It probably means, all except Timothy, that he has at his disposal of those who would natur- ally be selected for such an office.
22. In the Gospel (eis 7d evayyédvov). In furtherance of, as ch. i. 5. So Rev.
23. I shall see (aid). The compounded preposition dzé gives the sense of looking away from the present condition of affairs to what is going to turn out.
25. Epaphroditus. Mentioned only in this epistle. See on Epaphras, Philem. 23. The name is derived from Aphrodite (Venus), and means charming.