reference to his own expulsion from Thessalonica. Acts xvii. 5-10.
* See G. A. Deissmann’s excellent monograph, Die neutestamentliche Formel ‘‘in Christo Jesu.’? Marburg. 1892.
Cu. I.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 29
Contrary to all men. Tacitus (Hist. v. 5) describes the Jews as stubborn in their faith, prompt in kindly offices to each other, but bitterly hostile toward everybody else. Juvenal (Sat. xiv. 102 f.) says that they observe and respect whatever Moses has taught in his mystical volume; not to show the way except to one who practises the same rites, and to show the well only to the circumcised.
16. To speak—that they might be saved (Aadjoar iva cwlacw). Not, to speak to the Gentiles in order that they might be saved, but to tell the Gentiles that they might be saved. Comp. 1 Cor. x. 33.
To fill up (avarrAnpa@ca). The verb means the making up of what is lacking to perfect fulness ; the filling of a partial void. Comp. Philip. ii. 30. Once in LXX of filling up of sins, Gen. xv. 16. Always blind and stubborn, the Jews filled up the measure of their sins by their treatment of Christ and his apostles.
Alway (zdvrore). Emphatically placed at the end of the sentence. At all times—before Christ, in Christ’s time, now —the Jews by their resistance to the divine word fill up their sins.
Is come (é€fGacev). The verb not frequent in N. T. and used mostly by Paul. See on 2 Cor. x. 14, and comp. Rom. ix, 3h Philip: ui. 16;
To the uttermost (es réXos). This is not the meaning of the phrase in N. T. It is to the end: see Matt. x. 22; xxiv. 13; L. xviii. 5; J. xiii. 1. The wrath of God had not come upon them to the uttermost. The meaning is that the divine wrath had reached the point where it passed into judgment.*
* Tt has been urged that vv. 14-16 are unbecoming one who had been him- self a persecutor of the Jewish-Christian churches (so Baur, Apostel Paulus), and further that this diatribe is inconsistent with the patriotism which Paul displays in Rom. ix. xi. These considerations, it is claimed, go to show that
30 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cz. IL
17. Being taken from you (aroppaucbertes). N. ay. oLXX. Rev. better, being bereaved of you. From dpdavos bereft. See Mk. xii. 40; J. xiv. 18; Jas. i. 27. The word suggests the intimate personal fellowship of the writer with his readers. The separation was like that between parents and children. Comp. vv. 7, 8.
For a short time (apos xatpov dpas). N.T.°. Lit. for the season of an hour. Comp. Lat. horae momentum. Stronger than the usual phrase pds épav for an hour: see 2 Cor. vii. 85 Gal. ii. 5; Philem. 15. Comp. mpds caspov for a season, L. viii. 18; 1 Cor. vii. 5.
The more abundantly (cepiccordpws). Rev. the more ex- ceedingly. Paul uses this adverb very freely, and outside of his letters it appears only Heb. ii. 1; xiii. 19. He is much given to the use of comparatives, and sometimes heaps them together: see Rom. viii. 87; 2 Cor. vii. 18; iv. 17; Eph. iii. 20; Philip. i. 28.
18. We would (70eAjcaper). Implying more than a mere inclination or desire. It was our will tocome. See on Matt. 1. 19, ;
| Paul. Not implying any less desire on the part of his associates, but emphasising his own. See on the use of the epistolary plural, ch. i. 2.
Satan (Zaravas). From the Aramaic Sdtand, adversary. In the canonical LXX the name appears only three times, 1 K. xi. 14, 23, 25, and in each case is applied to a man. In LXX dsdBoros is used, almost without exception, as the translation of the Heb. Satan. Of 22 instances of