1. Forbear (oréyovres). Lit. no longer forbearing. See on 1 Cor. ix. 12: LXX, Sir. viii. 17. For Class. parall. Soph. 0. C.15; Hlec. 1118; Eurip. Hippol. 844; Ion 1412. He means that his longing for some personal communication from the Thessalonians became intolerable.
To be left — alone (xataredOjvat—pdvor). Implying, as we sent (ver. 2) and J sent (ver. 5), the previous presence of Timothy with him at Athens.
2. Our brother. Comp. 2 Cor.i.1; Col.i.1; Philem. 1; Rom. xvi. 233 L.Corei. 2s jxyisal2:
Minister (dsdxovoy). See on Matt. xx. 26; Mk. ix. 35. Not in the official sense of deacon which occurs only in the Pastorals. Avdxovos minister and Siaxovia ministry or service are common expressions of service to Christ or tomen. Paul habitually uses them in this way. See Acts i. 25; vi. 4. Ataxovot is used of ministers of Satan, 2 Cor. xi. 15, and Svdxovos of the civil magistrate, Rom. xiii. 4. See Intro- duction to the Pastoral Epistles.*
Fellow labourer. Omit from text.+
To establish (ornpi—ar). See on L. xxii. 82; Introd. to Catholic Epistles, Vol. I., p. 625; 1 Pet. v. 10; 2 Pet. i. 12.
3. Moved (caivecOa). N.T.°. °LXX. In Class., as early as Homer, of dogs; to wag the tail, fawn (Hom. Od. x. 217; xvi. 6). Hence of persons, to fawn or cringe. The word is apparently used here in the original sense, to be shaken. +
* Also International Commentary on Philippians and Philemon, Excursus on ‘‘ Bishops and Deacons.”’ + Weiss substitutes it for didKovov.
i So Hesychius, who defines moved, shaken, disturbed (ivetrai, cadeverat, Taparrerat),
Cx. Il.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE THESSALONIANS. 383
We are appointed (xe/ueOa). As L. ii. 84 (see note); Philip. i. 17. Comp. Acts xiv. 22, in which occur four of the words used here. For the thought, see Matt. v. 10; x. 17; xvi. 243 1 Pet. ii. 21 ff.; iv. 12; 2 Tim. iii. 12.
5. The tempter (0 weipdfwv). Only here and Matt. iv. 3. CUXX. See on Matt. vi. 18.
In vain (eis xevév). The phrase only in Paul. See 2 Cor. vi. 1; Gal. ii. 2; Philip. ii. 16. The force of the preposi- tion is fairly represented by to in the phrase to no purpose. LXX has eis xevov, eis 7d Kevov, and eis Kevd.
6. Now (aprt). See on J. xiii. 88. Const. with we were comforted (ver. T), not with came.
_ Good remembrance (pvrelav ayabnv). Better kindly re. membrance. Comp. Rom. v.7 (see note); vii. 12; Tit. ii. 5; i Pet. ii. 18. See on ch. i. 8.
7. Affliction (avdyxn). Rev. distress. The derivation from dyyew to press tightly, to choke (Lightfoot, Ellicott) is doubtful. In the sense of urgency, distress, seldom in Class. See 1 Cor. vii. 26; 2 Cor. vi. 4; xii. 10; L. xxi. 28.
8. Stand fast (arjere). The sense of firm standing is derived from the context, and does not inhere in the word. in ME. iii. 81; xf. 25, it means simply to stand. Comp. Philip. iv. 1. It des not occur earlier than N. T.
10. Exceedingly (imepexmepiccov). Comp. Eph. iii. 20. Paul is fond of compounds with irep above. Of the 28 N. T. words compounded iwith é7rép, 22 are found in Paul, and 20 of them only there.
Perfect (xataprigat). Primarily, to adjust, fit together ; so mend, Matt.iv.21. Of the creation of the world, Heb. xi. 3. See on Matt. xxi. 16; L. vi. 40; 1 Pet. v.10; Rom. ix. 22.