Whereunto thou hast attained (7 mapnxodovOnxas). Wrong. Rend., which thou hast closely followed. Comp. 2 Tim. iii. 10. The verb means, primarily, to follow beside, to attend closely. In this literal sense not inN.T. To attend to or follow up, as a disease. So Plato, Rep. 406 B, mapaxon- ovdav T@ voonuate Savacip perpetually tending a mortal dis- ease. To follow up a history or a succession of incidents, as L. i. 8. °P. The writer means that Timothy, as a disciple, has closely attended to his course of Christian instruction.
248 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cx. IV.
7. Shun (wapattod). Comp. 1 Tim. vy. 11; 2 Tim. ii. 23; Tit. iii. 10. °P. The primary meaning is to ask as a favour (Mk. xv. 6; Heb. xii. 19). Mostly in this sense in LXX, as 1 Sam. xx. 6, 28. To deprecate; to prevent the conse- quences of an act by protesting against and disavowing it, as 83 Mace. vi. 27. To beg off, get excused, as L. xiv. 18, 19; 4 Macc. xi. 2. To decline, refuse, avoid, as here, Acts xxv. 11; Heb. xii. 25.
Profane. See on ch. i. 9, and comp. ch. vi. 20; 2 Tim. li. LO; Heb.xinel6,
Old wives’ (ypadédeas). N. T.°. CLXX. From ypais an old woman, and eidos form.
Fables (uvfovs). See on ch.i. 4, and comp. 2 Tim. iv. 4; Dit 14 so etal Lo:
Exercise (yiuvate). °P. Only here in Pastorals. Heb. v.14; xii. 11; 2 Pet. ii. 14. From yupves naked. In Class. of training naked in gymnastic exercises; also, metaphoric- ally, of training for or practising an art or profession.
8. Bodily exercise (4) copartixy yuuvacia). With yup- vacia comp. yuuvate, ver. 7. N. T.°. S@partixds bodily only here and L, iii, 22. °LXX. The adverb coparixds bodily- wise, Col. ii. 9. The words are to be taken in their literal sense as referring to physical training in the palaestra—box- ing, racing, etc. Comp. 1 Cor. ix. 24-27. Some, however, find in them an allusion to current ascetic practices; against which is the statement that such exercise is profitable, though only for a little.
Profiteth little (pds drlyov éoriv dpédtwos). Lit. is profit- able for a little. The phrase mpos odfyov only here and Jas. v. 14. In the latter passage it means for a little while. Comp. Heb. xii. 10, mpds drlyas judpas for a few days. According to some, this is the meaning here; but against
Cx. IV] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 249
this is the antithesis pds wavra unto all things. The mean- ing is rather, the use of the athlete’s training extends to only a few things. “Odédrrwos useful or profitable, only in Pastor- Biss seomD. a Lime ii. Toy Vit. it. 8° PL XX.
Godliness (edoéBea). See on ch. ii. 2, and Introduction, Vi.
Having promise (érayyedlav éyouca). The exact phrase only here. Comp. 2 Cor. vii. 1; Heb. vii. 6. The partici- ple is explanatory, since it has promise. For ézayyedta prom- ise see on Acts i. 4.
The life that now is (Cwfs rAs viv). According to the strict Greek idiom, life the now. This idiom and the follow- ing, THs medrovons N.T.°. The phrase o viv aidy the present aeon, 1 Tim. vi. 17; 2 Tim. iv. 10; Tit. ii.12. ‘O aioy obros this aeon, a few times in the Gospels, often in Paul, nowhere else. We have 0 aioy o wédAXAwy the acon which is to be, and 0 al@y o épyduevos or émrepyduevos the aeon which is coming on, in the Gospels, once in Paul (Eph. ii. 7), and in Hebrews once, “éAA@v aiov without the article. "Ev T@ xatp@ TovT in this time, of the present as contrasted with the future life, Mk. x. 30; L. xviii. 80. ‘O viv capds the now time, in the same relation, Rom. viii. 18. For fw life see on J. i. 4. The force of the genitive with érayyedta promise may be ex- pressed by for. Godliness involves a promise for this life and for the next; but for this life as it reflects the heavenly life, is shaped and controlled by it, and bears its impress. Godliness has promise for the present life because it has promise for the life which is to come. Only the life which is in Christ Jesus (2 Tim. i. 1) i is life indeed, 1 Tim. vi. 19. Comp. 1 Pet. iii. 10; 1 Cor. iii. 21-23.