1. An apostle by the will of God. So 2d Corinthians, Ephesians, Colossians. 1st Corinthians adds called or by call (KAnTOS).
According to the promise, etc. (a7 évrayyerlav). ’Aoc- ToXos KaTa does not appear in any of the Pauline salutations. In 1 Tim. kar’ éritayhy according to the commandment, and in Titus cata triotiv, etc., according to the faith, etc. Kar’ érayyeAiav, though in other connections, Acts xiii. 23; Gal. iii. 29. *Esrayyedéa, primarily announcement, but habitually promise in N. T. In Pastorals only here and 1 T. iv. 8. With the promise of the life in Christ goes the provision for its proclamation. Hence the apostle, in proclaiming “ ye shall live through Christ,” is an apostle according to the promise.
Of life which is in Christ Jesus. The phrase promise of life only here and 1 Tim. iv. 8. °P. Life in Christ isa Pauline thought. See Rom. viii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 10; Rom. _ yi. 2-14; Gal. ii. 19,20; Col. iii. 4; Philip. i. 21. It is also a Johannine thought; see J. i. 4; ili. 15; xi. 25; xiv Ge) dcnyey Lt.
2. Dearly beloved (dyarnr@). Better, beloved. Comp. 1 Cor. iv. 17. In 1 Tim. i. 2, Timothy is addressed as yvnovos true, and Titus in Tit. i. 4.
3. | thank God (yap éyw TO Gem). Lit. I have thanks to God. The phrase in L. xvii. 9; Acts ii. 47; °P. unless 285
286 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. I.
2 Cor. i. 15;* 1 Tim, Aei2en eb. x..235580.4. Pent uses ebyapioTt® I give thanks (not in Pastorals) or evAoyy- ros 6 Oeds blessed be God (not in Pastorals). The phrase xydpw éyo is a Latinism, habere gratiam, of which several are found in Pastorals. +
| serve (Aatpetw). In Pastorals only here. Comp. Rom. i. 9,25; Philip. iii. 8. Frequent in Hebrews. Originally, to serve for hire. In N. T. both of ritual service, as Heb. viii. 5; ix. 9; x. 2; xiii. 10; and of worship or service gen- erally, as L. i. 74; Rom. i. 9. Especially of the service rendered to God by the Israelites as his peculiar people, as Acts xxvi. T. Comp. Aartpeta service, Rom. ix. 4; Heb. ix. 1,6. In LXX always of the service of God or of heathen deities.
From my forefathers (a6 mpoyovwv). Ipdyovos, Past®. See on 1 Tim. v. 4. The phrase N. T.°. For the thought, comp. Acts xxiv. 14; Philip. iii. 5. He means, in the spirit and with the principles inherited from his fathers. Comp. the sharp distinction between the two periods of Paul’s life, Gal. i. 13, 14.
With pure conscience (év xaSapa ovvednoe). As 1 Tim. iii, 9. The phrase, Past®°. Heb. ix. 14 has xaOapiet tay cuveldnow nuav shall purge our conscience.
That without ceasing (as adud\evrrov). The passage is much involved. Note (1) that ydpw éyw 7é Oe6 I thank God must have an object. (2) That object cannot be that he unceasingly remembers Timothy in his prayers. (3) That object, though remote, is drduvnow AaBav when I received reminder (ver. 5). He thanks God as he is reminded of the
* Where Westcott and Hort read yapav joy ; Tischendorf and Weiss xdpuy thanks.
+ As 8¢ nv airlay quam ob rem (2 Tim. i. 6, 12; Tit. 1.18): Ov rpdrov quemadmodum (2 Tim. ili. 8): otovs guales (2 Tim. iii. 11). Little or noth- ing can be inferred from these instances as to the composition of these Epis- tles at Rome.
Cu. 1] THE SECOND EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 287
faith of Timothy’s ancestors and of Timothy himself. Rend. freely, “I thank God whom I serve from my forefathers with pure conscience, as there goes along with my prayers an unceasing remembrance of thee, and a daily and nightly long- ing, as I recall thy tears, to see thee, that I may be filled with joy —I thank God, I say, for that I have been reminded of the unfeigned faith that is in thee,” ete. *Adsadevrrov unceas- ing, only here and Rom. ix. 2. "Adiarelatws unceasingly, Homage syle Thai. 8y ialosom. 17.