Of kings (trav Bacidevdvtwy). Lit. of those who rule as kings. Only here for the noun Bactrdov. Bacirel’s Bactr- éwv king of kings, Apoc. xvii. 14; xix. 16.
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Of lords (xupievovtwy). Lit. of those who lord it. Only here for the noun xupiwv. See xvpios cuplwv lord of lords, Apoc. xix. 16; comp. LXX, Deut. x. 17; Ps. exxxy. 3. Probably liturgical.
16. Who only hath immortality (6 pdvos éywv abavaclav). Comp. a¢@dpt@ incorruptible, ch. i. 17. It has been sug- gested that there is here a possible allusion to the practice of deifying the Roman emperors, with an implied protest against paying them divine honours. In the Asian prov- inces generally, this imperial cultus was organised as the highest and most authoritative religion. Domitian (81- 96 A.D.) assumed the titles of “Lord” and “God,” and insisted on being addressed as Dominus et Deus noster in all communications to himself. Trajan (98-117 a.p.) forbade his subjects to address him as “ Lord” and “ God,” but Pliny (112 A.D.) required the citizens of Bithynia to pay divine honours to Trajan’s statue. Hadrian (117-188 A.p.) allowed the worship of his statues. *
iInjlight Compats: ci. 2; 1°d5105, 1; Jas. 17.
Which no man can approach unto (ampdcrrov). More simply, unapproachable. N.T.°. °LXX.
17. Them that are rich in this world (tots rdovaious év T@ vov ai@w). Forming one conception. Chrysostom says: “Rich in this world, for others are rich in the world to come.” Comp. L. xvi. 25. Tdovedos rich, by Paul only metaphorically. See 2 Cor. viii. 9; Eph. ii. 4. The phrase 6 viv aidv the now age, only here and Tit. ii. 12, the usual expression being 6 aiwy obtos this age or world, which is not found in Pastorals.
Be not highminded (7) inAodpoveiv). The verb N. T.°. °LXX, °Class. Comp. Rom. xi. 20; xii. 16.
* See W. M. Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire before A.D. 170, and the monograph of E. G. Hardy, Christianity and the Roman Govern- ment, the best treatise on the subject in English,
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Uncertain riches (wAovrov adnrdrnte). A rendering which weakens the sense by withdrawing the emphasis from the thought of uncertainty. Rend. the uncertainty of riches. For a similar construction see Rom. vi. 4. “AdnAdrns uncertainty, N. T.°.. °LXX. Originally odseurity. Idodros wealth, fre- quent in Paul, but never in the material sense. The play upon the word rich in this and the next verse will be noticed.
To enjoy (els amcravow). Lit. for enjoyment. Only here and Heb. xi. 25. See 8 Mace. vil. 16. In Class. occasion- ally, but the verb dzrodavew to have enjoyment or benefit is common. A contrast is implied between being highminded on account of wealth —cherishing and worshipping it — and rightly enjoying it. The true character of such enjoyment is shown in the next verse.
18. Do good (ayaGoepyciv). In this uncontracted form, N. T.°% °LXX, °Class. Comp. Acts xiv. 17. The usual word is aya0orroveiv, see Mk. iii. 4; L. vi. 9, 83, 85; 1 Pet. ii. 15. °P. who has épydfec@at 7d aryabdv to work that which is good, Rom. ii. 10; Gal. vi. 10; Eph. iv. 28.
Good works (épyous kadois). For «adds see on ch. iii. 7, and J. x. 11: for dya@ds on Rom. v. 7.
Ready to distribute (edperaddrous). N. T.°, °LXX, °Class. For the verb peradiddvar to impart to the poor, see Le iti Tse pk. av. 25.
Willing to communicate (xoiwwuxovs). N. T.°, CLXX., See on fellowship, Acts ii. 42, and comp. cowavely to partake, 1 Tim. v. 22, and «owds common, Tit. i. 14. Stronger than the preceding word, as implying a personal share in the pleasure imparted by the gift.
19. Laying up in store (amoOncavpifovras). N. T.°% Laying away (a7),