works, those namely in righteousness, which we did. The thought is entirely Pauline. ’E& épyav, strictly, out of, in consequence of works. "Ev Sixavootyy in the sphere of right- eousness ; as legally righteous men. Comp. Eph. ii. 9. We did: emphatic. Comp. Rom. x. 5; Gal. iii. 10, 12; v. 3.
According to his mercy (xara 16 avrod édeos). The phrase only 1 Pet. i. 83. Comp. Rom. xv. 9; Eph. ii. 4; Jude 21.
By the washing of regeneration (dia XAovtpod maduivyevec- tas). Aouvtpdv only here and Eph. v. 26. It does not mean the act of bathing, but the bath, the laver. Taduvyevecia only here and Matt. xix. 28, where it is used of the final restora- tion of all things. The phrase laver of regeneration distinctly refers to baptism, in connection with which and through which as a medium regeneration is conceived as taking place. Comp. Rom. vi. 3-6. It is true that nothing is said of faith ; but baptism implies faith on the part of its recipient. It has no regenerating effect apart from faith; and the renewing of the Holy Spirit is not bestowed if faith be wanting.
Renewing (avaxawacews). Only here and Rom. xii. 2. Comp. 2 Cor. v.17. Paul has avaxawotv to renew, 2 Cor. iv. 16; Col. iii. 10: dvaxaivwots renewing, Rom. xii. 2. ’"Avaxawifev to renew, only Heb. vi. 6. The connection of the genitive is disputed. Some make it dependent on Xovrpod bath, so that the bath of baptism is conceived as implying regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit. Others con- strue with renewing only, dvaxaivocews being dependent on 6a; through the laver of regeneration and (through) the renewing, etc. The former seems the more probable. The phrase renewing of the Holy Spirit only here. In N.T. the Spirit or the Holy Spirit is joined in the genitive with the following words: comfort, joy, power, love, demonstration, manifestation, earnest, ministration, fellowship, promise, fruit, unity, sword, sanctification.
6. Shed (é&éyeev). Or poured forth. Only here in Pas- torals. Most frequent in Apocalypse. The pouring out of
350 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ca III.
the Spirit is an O. T. metaphor. See Joel iii. 1, 2, cit. in Acts ii. 17, 18; Zech. xii. 10. In Paul the verb occurs but once, of shedding blood, Rom. iii. 15, cit.
7. Being justified (dccaw0évres). In Pastorals only here and 1 Tim. iii. 16 (mote). See Introd. vi. Justification is conceived as taking place before the outpouring of the Spirit.
By his grace (Tn éxetvov ydpitt). By the grace of Jesus Christ. See Acts xv. 11; 2 Cor. viii. 9; xiii. 14; Rom. v. 6; Gal. i. 6.
We should be made heirs (xAnpovopor yevnOa@uev). KrAnpo- vouos heir only here in Pastorals. A favourite idea of Paul. See Rom. iv. 18; viii. 17; Gal. iii. 29. Heirship of eternal life is the result of justification. So, clearly, Rom. v. It is attested and confirmed by the Holy Spirit. 2 Cor. v. 5; Eph. i. 14.
According to the hope of eternal life (xar’ érmiéda Cars aiwviov). Const. of eternal life with heirs, and rend. heirs of eternal life according to hope. Comp. Rom. iy. 18; v. 2; Ville 24s Gal. yi>5$ Coli (5) s2T polit. i 2 Peteices 1 J.ili. 2,°3.
8. Affirm constantly (d:aBeBaotcba). Past?. See on 1 Tim. i. 7. Constantly, not continually, but uniformly and consistently. So Book of Common Prayer, “ Collect for Saint John Baptist’s Day,” “‘ and after his example constantly speak the truth.” Rend. affirm steadfastly.
Might be careful (dpovrifwow). N.T.°. Quite often in LXX. Frequent in Class. Zo think or consider; hence to take careful thought, ponder, be anxious about.
To maintain (apoictac#a). Mostly in Pastorals, and usually in the sense of ruling, as Rom. xii. 8; 1 Th. v. 12; 1 Tim. iii. 4,5. The sense here is to be forward in.*