παραδοθείσῃ. Cf. Philo M. i. 387, πιστεύει τοῖς ἅπαξ παραδοθεῖσι. The Christian tradition is constantly referred to by the Fathers, as by Clem. Al. Str. vii. where we read of η ἀληθὴς παράδοσις (ρ. 845), ἤ ἐκκλησιαστικὴ π. (p. 8go), ἡ θεία π. (p. 896), ἡ πάντων τῶν ἀποστόλων π. (Ρ. goo), ai τοῦ Χριστοῦ π. (p. gor), and even in; the Ν.Τ. as in 1 Cor. xi. 2, κάθως παρέδωκα ὑμῖν τὰς παραδόσεις κατέχετε, 2 Thess. ii. 15, 1 Tim. vi. 20, τὴν παραθήκην pvAakov. For an account of the gradual-formation of the Creed, see A. E. Burn’s Introduc- tion to the Creeds, ch. ii., 1899, and com- pare the comment in my larger edition, ° p. 6r {.
τοῖς ἁγίοις. Used generally of Chris- tians who were consecrated and called to be holy, as in 1 Cor. 1. 2, Phil. i. 1, where see Lightfoot. The word contains an appeal to the brethren to stand fast against the teaching and practice of the Libertines.
4-
4. παρεισεδύησαν } γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι, οἱ πάλαι προγεγραµµένοι
3 ~ A / > ο) ‘ a nose A / , εἰς τοῦτο τὸ Kpipa, ἀσεβεῖς, τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα µετατιθέν-
1 παρεισεδνησαν B, WH; παρεισεδυσαν SACKLP + Ti., Treg.
256 Ver. 4. Nature of the Threatened Danger. It is stealthy; it is serious
enough to have been predicted long ago; its characteristic is impiety, showing it- self in the antinomian misuse of the Gospel of God’s free grace, and in the denial of God and Christ. Ver. 4. Ἠπαρεισεδύησαν yap τινες ἄνθρωποι. For this form which is found in B and adopted by WH, Veitch cites διεκδυῆναι in Hippocr. i. 601, and com- pares ἐφύην, ἐρρύην. The aor. is here used with the perfect force, as in ver. ΤΙ ἐπορεύθησαν, etc. cf. Blass, Gr. p. 199, my edition of St. James, p. ccii., and Dr. Weymouth there cited. The verb occurs in Demades 178, ἄδικος παρεισδύνων λόγος εἰς τὰς τῶν δικαστῶν γνώµας οὐκ ἐᾷ συνορᾶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, Clem. ΑΙ. p. 650, ὅπως εἰς THY τῶν αἰνιγμάτων ἔννοιαν ἡ ζήτησις παρεισδύουσα ἐπὶ τὴν εὕρεσιν τῆς ἀληθείας ἀναδράμῃ, D. Laert. ii. 142, λαθραίως παρεισδύς eis τὴν πατρίδα, Ῥ]αε. ΛΜ. p. 216 B, τὰ ἀρχαῖα νόμιμα ἐκλυόμενα ἑώρα, ἄλλα δὲ παρεισδυόµενα µοχθηρά, other examples in Wetst. The noun παρείσδυσις occurs in Barn. il. 1Ο, iv. 9, ἀντιστῶμεν ἵνα μὴ σχῇ παρείσδυσιν 6 µέλας, Clem. Al. p. 189, ἀκροσφαλὴς ἡ τοῦ οἴνου παρείσδυσις. Similar compounds are παρεισφέρω in 2 Pet. i. 5, παρεισάγω in 2 Pet. ii. 1, παρείσακτος in Gal. ii. 4, διὰ τοὺς παρεισάκτους wWevdadéAdovs οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι τὴν ἐλεν- θερίαν ὑμῶν, Rom. vy. 20, 2 Macc. ΠΠ. 1 παρεισπορευόµενοι λεληθότως εἰς τὰς κώμας, SO παρεισέρπω, παρεισπέµπω, παρεισπίπτω. The earliest prophecy of such seducers comes from the lips of Jesus Himself, Matt. vii. 15, προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρ- Χονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσι λύκοι ἅρπαγες, cf. Acts XxX. 29, 30, and Introduction on the Early Heresies in the larger edition.
οἱ πάλαι προγεγραµµένοι εἰς τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα. ‘Designated of old for this judgment.” Cf. 2 Pet. ii. 3, οἷς τὸ κρίµα ἔκπαλαι οὐκ ἀργει. The word πάλαι
precludes the supposition that the second epistle of Peter can be referred to.* The allusion is to the book of Enoch quoted in vv. I4, 15. In νετ. 18 below the same warning is said to have been given by the Apostles. The phrase ot προγ. is in apposition to τινες ἄνθρωποι, cf. Gal. i. 7 with Lightfoot’s n., Luke xvili. 9, εἶπεν δὲ πρός τινας τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῖς. For προγ., cf. Rom. xv. 4, ὅσα yap προεγράφη εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν διδασκαλίαν ἐγράφη. The word is in- tended to show that they are already doomed to punishment as enemies of God. As such they are to be shunned by the faithful, but not to be feared, because, dangerous as they may seem, they cannot alter the Divine purpose. Dr. Chase compares Hort’s interesting note on 1 Peter ii. 8, eis ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν. By ‘“‘this” Spitta understands “that judgment which I am now about to de- clare,” i.e., the condemnation contained in the word ἀσεβεῖς used by some ancient writer. Zahn however remarks that οὗτος usually refers to what precedes, and he would take τοῦτο here (with Hof- mann) as referring to παρεισεδύησαν. Better than this logical reference to some preceding or succeeding word is, I think, Bengel’s explanation “ the now impend- ing judgment,” Afostolo iam quast cer- nente penam.