ὩὨωσος of. Deut. xxxil. τας Ps; προς. 16) of the choicest kind; wine, flour, and incense were all used in sacrifices. ῥεδῶν, a Gallic word = four - wheeled “‘carriages’’ used by the well-to-do (cf. Jerome on Isa. Ἱχνί.). σωµάτων-- ‘“‘slaves”’ (later Greek, dropping the qualifying adj. δούλων or οἰκετικῶν, cf. Deissm. 160, Dittenberger’s Sylloge,? 845, etc.). καὶ ψυχὰς (reverting awk- wardly to accus.) ἀνθρώπων-- “' and souls of men” (from Ezek. xxvii. 13, ‘they traded the persons of men for thy mer- chandise”’: ἐνεπορεύοντό σοι ἐν ψυχαῖς ἀνθρώπων, LXX, cf. 1 Chron. v. 21). The double expression is strange. If καὶ is not to be taken as ‘‘ even,”’ identi- fying both, we must suppose that some distinction is intended, and that of the
10---20.
- A ῥεδῶν καὶ ” σωμάτων καὶ ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων.
459
15. οἱ ἔμποροι " τούτων z (LXX),
οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς, ἀπὸ µακρόθεν Ὁ στήσονται διὰ τὸν φόβον ον. 29, τοῦ βασανισμοῦ αὐτῆς κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες, 16. λέγοντες, a * “Oda, odai, °H πόλις ἡ µεγάλη, whee ἡ περιβεβλημένη "βύσσινον Kal πορφυροῦν καὶ κόκκινον, dit as. καὶ "κεχρυσωμένη ἐν χρυσίω καὶ ‘Aw τιµίῳ καὶ papyapity’ aie ς : ὅτι µιᾷ dpa ἠρημώθη 6 τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος. ος 17. "καὶ πᾶς Ἀ κυβερνήτης καὶ was ὁ ἐπὶ mévtov! πλέων καὶ eee ναῦται καὶ ὅσοι τὴν θάλασσαν ἐργάζονται, ἀπὸ µακρόθεν dors” ο ον σαν 18. καὶ ἔκραξαν βλέποντες τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς, ay jp λέγοντες, “‘‘tis ὁμοία τῇ πόλει τῇ peyddy;” 19. καὶ LB ohav® κ. χοῦν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν καὶ ἔκραξαν κλαίοντες καὶ πενθοῦντες, ee p \CCUS. το. oa a tal Οὐαί, οὐαί, ἡ πόλις ἡ µεγάλη, τος
ἐν ᾗ '' ἐπλούτησαν πάντες οἱ ἔχοντες τὰ πλοῖα ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ > προς - er. 12, ἐκ τῆς " τιµιότητος αὐτῆς, ο 14, ου]. J a ο > , ” ὅτι μιᾷ Spa ἠρημώθη. to Άροο. ος} i ga) aA pS , σος +). 20. Εὐφραινου em αὐτῇ, ’ οὐρανέ, 6 xvii. 4. ‘ ερο ‘ τε ᾳ 2 , a c A f Ver. 12. καὶ οἱ ’ ἅγιοι καὶ οἱ Ἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ προφῆται, g Isa. xxiii. J 3 ς ο εν. § , ο ο αλ ο 14, Ezek. ὅτι ἔκρινεν 6 Θεὸς " τὸ κρίµα ὑμῶν * ἐξ αὐτῆς. XXVii. 27, 29. h Acts
XXVii. 11. 1 From Ezek. xxvii. 30, (Heb.), Jos. vii. 6 (LXX). “her costly treasures" (see on ver. 3). p xii. 12, cf. xvi. 8. cxix. 84.
i Note change to aor. from future (9, 11, 15).
__ _k xiii. 4 (ironical contrast). m Ezek. xxvii. 33. n Abstr. for concrete,
ο Deut. xxxii. 43, Isa. xliv. 23, Ass. Mos. x. ΙΟ. q Only here and xxi. 14, in Joh. lit. i :
τ XVil. I, XiX. 2. S vi. 10, Ps.
1For the unexampled TOMON (cf. Ac. xxvii. 2) read ΠΟΤΟΝ (Nestle, Theol. Ltzg., 18, 97, 274, Einfiéhr., 135, E. Tr. 168; so Baljon and Gwynn) which was
apparently read in some form by Copt., Pr. (omnis super mare nauigans),
A similar
confusion occurs in Judith vi. 21, and conversely κατα Movrov has supplanted κατα
τοπον in Eus., H. E. iv. 15, 2.
two σωμάτων is the more specific. Pro- stitutes, or female slaves, or gladiators, or even grooms and drivers (ἵπποι καὶ ἱππεῖς, Ezek. xxvii. 14) have been more or less convincingly suggested as its meaning. Slave-dealing (Friedlander, iii. 87 f.; Dobschiitz, 266-269) was a lucrative trade under the empire, with Delos as its centre, and Asiatic youths especially were in large demand as pages, musicians, and court-attendants. Thousands of captives, after the siege of Jerusalem, were sent into slavery by the Roman government; and early Chris- tians at this period (Clem. Rom. lv.) voluntarily went into slavery either as substitutes for others or ‘‘ that with the price got for themselves they might fur- nish others with food”’.
Ver. 17. ἐργάζονται κ.τ.λ.--'' whose business is on the sea’’. The passage
reflects the importance of Rome especi- ally for the trade of the Levant. Pliny (H. N. vi. 101, xii. 84) gives the large figures of Oriental imports and their cost, adding sarcastically tanti nobis deliciae et feminae constant (Friedlander, iii. 48-51). The regret of the mariners for the grandeur that was Rome passes rapidly into a sense of commercial loss. Ver. 20. This verse interrupts the sequence of 19 and 21 in which the ruin of Rome is illustrated by the dramatic action of the angel. The awkward shift from description to an apostrophe, and the evidently Christian tone of the cry, betray an editor’s hand. His object is to render explicit the moral reasons why Christians should delight in the downfall ofthe city. He writesin the same triple rhythm as the source, and his hand is to be seen in the whole verse not simply in